Whaling Station (fmr), Cheyne Beach

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Statement of Significance

That part of Plantagenet Location 7442, being part of Crown Reserve 878 and being part of the land comprised in Crown Land Record Volume 3082 Folio 959 as is defined in Heritage Council Of WA survey drawing no 1796, prepared by Steffanoni Ewing and Cruikshank Pty Ltd

History

Assessment 1998

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Melville House

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Statement of Significance

Melville House, a single-storey brick and iron residence and free-standing annexe, constructed c. 1873 in Victorian Georgian style, in a garden setting, has cultural heritage significance for the following reasons: The place is a good example of a single-storey Victorian Georgian residence displaying simplicity and unforced harmony in form and detail, although some modifications to the fabric have compromised the purity of the stylistic expression. The place reflects the development and growth of Albany as the principal port in Western Australia in the nineteenth century, and contributes to the ongoing importance of Albany as a prominent historic town. The place has landmark value, sited at the top of a large suburban lot with associated outbuildings and complementary landscaping. The place is an example of a simple but substantial dwelling, built in the second half of the nineteenth century for John F T Hassell, with possible servant's quarters still extant, and is representative of an earlier way of life. The place is significant for service as a private hospital from 1912 to 1922, during the ownership of Dr Thomas Robinson. The place is highly valued by the local community for its associations with the early history and settlement of the Albany district, its association with the Hassell and Robinson families and Sir Claude Hotchin, and its early hospital function. While the siting of the house within a garden setting is a significant aspect of the place, the actual elements and design layout of the existing garden are of little significance.

Physical Description

Some of the notable features of this place include: • Set in quiet street, back from road with no fence • High streetscape value • Mature Oak tree – could be original settler planting • Asymmetrical façade • Hipped roof • Three chimneys, brick rendered with moulded tops • Verandah under separate roof Some obvious modifications include: • Extension at one end • The verandah is separated at one end by a glass and timber divider • Side verandah has two bay windows thought to be the original front façade of the house

History

Melville House is a private residence situated on Lot 33 Hotchin Ave. The house was built for J. F. T. Hassell in c1873. In the 1900s, it was the home of councillor T. E. Inglis until c1907. In 1911, it was opened as a nursing home and general private hospital, under Nurse Brown, and a road constructed to the house. Melville House was later owned by Dr Thomas Robinson and his wife and still used as a hospital. In July 1946, Robinson died while still living at Melville House. After his death, the Albany council considered Melville House as the site of the new Albany hospital. This proposal did not proceed, and Melville House became the principal home of the famous Western Australian art patron Sir Claude Hotchin. The street was also then named after Hotchin. In 1950 Hotchin applied for approval for subdivision of the property which was granted. Over the next 20 or more years Hotchin acquired paintings and sculptures which he then gifted to country halls, schools and hospitals all over the State. He also established an art prize. All told, Sir Claude gave away more than 2000 items. Hotchin lived at Melville House until his death in the 1980s. Melville House has been used as a surgery and clinic as well as a residence.

Integrity/Authenticity

Integrity: High Authenticity: High/Moderate

Condition

Good

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Breaksea Island and Lighthouse

Condition

Lighthouse of 1902 in good condition but the rest in fair to poor condition

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Statement of Significance

Breaksea Island and Lighthouse, consisting of a convict built lighthouse with integrally built quarters (1858), the replacement lighthouse (1902), two quarters buildings with ancillary buildings (1902 and 1908), including cast iron rainwater tanks, retaining walls, garden terracing, cast iron telegraph poles (1896), chicken or rabbit runs, and steel landing on the north side of the island, together with the remainder of the island, has cultural heritage significance as a whole for the following reasons: The Lighthouse is rare as a complex of structures illustrating part of the history of development of lightstations in Western Australia, and the remains of the 1858 lighthouse and keeper’s quarters building is the largest and most complete of its type in the State. The place demonstrates the importance of Albany as Western Australia’s principal port prior to the development of Fremantle Harbour, the navigational aids that were constructed to improve its safety for shipping and the development of a lightstation though time. The complex of buildings and ruins are fine examples of architecture in their individual right, expressed in Victorian Georgian and Federation Bungalow and Free Classical styles constructed in 1858, 1902 and 1908 respectively. The place has significant historic value as the second lightstation to be built in Western Australia. The 1858 lighthouse and keeper’s quarters is a relatively large and reasonably intact example of the public works built by Imperial convict labour. The place has value as a potential benchmark site for lightstation developments in Western Australia from the mid nineteenth to early twentieth century. The place is a significant conservation reserve, being an important breeding area for several species of seabird and one of the few known locations of the fern, Asplenium obtusatum, a Declared Rare Flora species. The mild steel ladder of the 1902 Lighthouse is considered to be intrusive, while some of the interior and exterior features of both buildings, the 1858 and 1902 lighthouses and quarters, are assessed as being of little cultural heritage significance.

Physical Description

Breaksea Island and Lighthouse, consisting of a convict built lighthouse with integrally built quarters (1858), the replacement lighthouse (1902), two quarters buildings with ancillary buildings (1902 and 1908), including cast iron rainwater tanks, retaining walls, garden terracing, cast iron telegraph poles (1896), chicken or rabbit runs, and steel landing on the north side of the island, together with the remainder of the island. Refer to Conservation Plan

History

Breaksea Island is a striking granite landform off the coast of Albany. Along with its landmark qualities, Breaksea also has some of the most historic and significant lightstation structures in the State, making it a major natural and cultural component of the Albany seascape. In 1858 a stone and cast-iron lighthouse and quarters was built on Breaksea Island using convict labour. This was only the second lighthouse to be built in Western Australia (the first being on Rottnest), and provided much needed safety to this previously unlit shipping route. In 1902 a new lighthouse was erected to replace the original. At the same time, a new jetty was constructed and new quarters, although this time the quarters were built a short distance from the lighthouse. In 1908 a second quarters were also built. Following the construction in 1926 of the lighthouse on Eclipse Island, the Breaksea Island light was automated and the keepers were withdrawn. In 2000 the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) started negotiations with the State Government regarding transfer of ownership of the Island. Although AMSA retained a portion of land, the Island is predominantly an A Class Reserve vested with the Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC). Refer to Conservation Plan

Integrity/Authenticity

Integrity: High/Moderate Authenticity: High/Moderate

Condition

Fair

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Strawberry Hill Farm & Gardens

Uses

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Statement of Significance

Long association with the history of Western Australia and architectural and aesthetic interest. The place has been assessed by the National Trust of Western Australia (WA) and has been entered in the Register held by that body as a classified building with the following statement of significance: The farm dates from 1827 when it was a government garden supplying the military detachment at King George Sound and is one of the earliest cultivated sites in Western Australia. It was turned into a country residence by Sir Richard Spencer in 1833. It is significant for its architectural/technical accomplishment and demonstration of a way of life as well as having historical significance and scarcity value. The place has also been assessed by the Australian heritage Commission and has been entered in the Register of the National Esetate with the following statement of significance: Strawberry Hill is historically significant as the first farm in Western Australia, being originally a government farm established in 1827 as a military outpost. The present house is a two storey portion erected in 1836 with historical associations with Sir Richard Spencer who resided at the farm from 1833 to 1889. In the period from then until 1956 there are historical associations with the Bird family. Francis Bird, who was an architect, renovated the old protion of the house in 1889 and his work is evident today.

Physical Description

Two storey stone farm house. The old farm is a fine early example of a country gentleman's residence and estate, comprising a main residence and associated ancillary buildings. The composition is asymmetrical and the stone construction is clearly evident with grey slate roofs complementing the earth colours of the walls. The main residence is two storey and entry is via a central vestibule which connects the larger and smaller buildings. Particularly important are the mature trees and landscaping of the entrance drive and the old orchard.

History

Traditionally a meeting place for Menang aboriginal people. Established as a government farm in 1826 Purchased by Original Owner Sir RIchard Spencer and in the 1890's by Francis and Maude Bird.

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Statement of Significance

Barmup/Strawberry Hill Farm has cultural heritage significance for the following reasons: The place is significant as an important camp site for the Menang people and a place of close and ongoing contact between them and European settlers. It is the site of the first farm to be established in what was to later become Western Australia. The place bears testament to 19th century colonisation and the need for self-reliance in the colonial extremes. The extant two-storied granite stone house is a rare example of Old Colonial Georgian architecture while the nearby cottage is a rare example of an adobe farm worker’s cottage, possibly built before the main house. The grounds of Barmup/Strawberry Hill Farm contain examples of the earliest European planting in WA. The place is significant for its association with the earliest soldier settlers; Sir James Stirling, the colony’s first Governor, and Lady Ellen Stirling; Sir Richard Spencer, successful naval officer and government resident and Lady Anne Spencer for whom the extant stone house was erected in 1836; with Francis Bird, a pioneer of the State’s timber industry and prominent architect, who with his wife Augusta Maude rescued the place from ruin in 1889; and the National Trust of Australia (WA) which has conserved and made the place, the first property acquired by the Trust, accessible to the public since 1964.

Physical Description

Barmup/Strawberry Hill comprises a former residence, former workers quarters and contemporary ancillary buildings. The buildings are located within extensive grounds that include lawn areas and exotic and native plantings. The property is approached from Middleton Road along a narrow driveway lined with many mature trees that join overhead to create a tunnel effect. The plantings open out to reveal the former residence at the top of the drive. The two-storey former residence is built of granite with a slate roof. Its design is asymmetrical and is entered via a central vestibule that connects the single and double story sections of the house. Behind the house is a water tank and grapevines and a steep bank that leads up to Beauchamp Street. The adobe construction, former workers’ quarters building has a corrugated iron roof and is situated close by the main residence. Later additions to the property include a contemporary visitor entry building (2020), and transportable office/ toilet block and a number of small sheds and shadehouses.

History

Barmup has been and still is an important place for the Menang. At the time Albany was proclaimed as a British settlement in 1827 by the military attachment sent over from New South Wales to undertake this task, the place was the province of Mullett and her brothers Nakina, Mokare, Tallipan and Mollian. It was an area that was an important campsite, being well-watered and fertile, a granite outcrop that offered shelter, protection and views across the harbour and inland, and was also within an important pathway that stretched from Kincinnup (the area that became the Albany townsite between Mount Melville and Mount Clarence) to Binalup (Middleton Beach) and to places further beyond Albany. With all these attributes and qualities, it is not surprising that it was the site selected for the Government Farm; for its fertility, natural water sources and prominence, and the well-trodden pathway was also convenient to the new colonists to appropriate for their own use. Barmup/Strawberry Hill was selected in 1827 as the ideal location for a government farm to supply the nearby military settlement with fresh fruit and vegetables. The site was selected because of its fine stand of marri, yate and peppermint trees. The first structures on the site were a pair of simple wooden huts to shelter the workers. A more comfortable residence was built in 1831 for the vice regal visit of Captain Stirling. Following the visit of Stirling the property was leased to Mr J L Morley until it was acquired in 1833 by the Government Resident Sir Richard Spencer, a former British naval officer. Spencer turned the property into a gentlemen’s country residence, lavishing much attention on the gardens and in 1836 built a two storey stone residence adjacent to the two earlier cottages (that were destroyed by fire on Easter Sunday 1880). William Diprose built the residence for a cost of £100. An adobe cottage was built in c1840 to accommodate farm workers. The design of the garden was an attempt to recreate an English country garden in a foreign country. Many exotic species were brought to the property including, according to anecdotal evidence, a cutting from the willow over Napoleon’s tomb on St Helena. The irony of this specimen is that Richard Spencer spent much of his naval career serving under Lord Nelson. Two Norfolk Island pines on the property were planted by Spencer and the origin of a Sparrmannia is thought to have been Africa, picked up by Spencer in 1833 on his voyage to Albany. After Sir Richard Spencer died in 1839 his widow, Lady Anne Spencer, continued to maintain the domestic and social activities associated with the farm with the help of her children until she died in 1855. Whilst the property remained in the Spencer family until 1889 the condition of the place deteriorated as various buildings were leased out, the grounds were used as a market garden and the drawing room was used as a slaughterhouse by Joseph Spencer. The property was subdivided in 1888 and approximately seven and a half hectares, including the historic buildings, were purchased by architect, Francis Bird, and his wife Augusta Maude Bird. Mrs Bird renamed the property ‘The Old Farm’ to honour the early pioneers. They restored the buildings and renovated them to accommodate their large family. They also spent considerable money and energy on replanting and restoring the original gardens, adding new trees and shrubs and altering the layout of some parts of the gardens. Their home became a popular hub for Albany society, the family hosting parties, picnics and even weddings. Francis Bird died in 1937 and despite her best efforts, Augusta Maude Bird was physically and financially unable to maintain the large property. With the subsequent death of Augusta Maude Bird in 1945 the property became seriously overgrown and the buildings in need of major repairs. The property was temporarily vested in the Town of Albany who started the process of remedial and maintenance works in an effort to preserve the buildings and grounds. It was then vested in the newly formed National Trust of Australia (Western Australia) in 1964, becoming its first heritage property. It was restored and opened to the public in 1966. At the opening ceremony, Governor General, Sir Paul Hasluck, planted a Norfolk Island pine near the site of the same species tree planted by Sir Richard Spencer. The property remains with the National Trust of Western Australia and is one of its most popular sites for visitors and the local community alike.

Integrity/Authenticity

Integrity: High/Moderate Authenticity: High/Moderate

Condition

Good

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Matthew Cull's House

Uses

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Statement of Significance

Both externally and internally, the place has aesthetic value arising from its ad hoc overlays, which give it a naïve visual quality. The place has a strong association with the Cull family and demonstrates an unbroken family land holding which is becoming less common in Western Australia. It is illustrative of the self-reliance of the early European settlers and the use they made of locally available building materials. Finally, the place demonstrates the evolution of a vernacular cottage to meet the changing requirements of one family utilising simple, often expedient, construction techniques.

Physical Description

A two-storey cottage displaying elements of the Victorian Georgian style.

Integrity/Authenticity

The house holds high integrity.

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Statement of Significance

Matthew Cull’s House, a two storey cottage displaying elements of the Victorian Georgian style, and associated outbuildings has cultural heritage significance for the following reasons: The place has a strong association with the Cull family and demonstrates an unbroken family land holding which is becoming less common in Western Australia. The place is illustrative of the self-reliance of the early European settlers and the use they made of locally made building materials. The place demonstrates the evolution of the vernacular cottage to meet the changing requirements of one family utilising simple often expedient construction techniques. Both externally and internally the place has aesthetic value arising from its ad hoc overlays that give it naïve visual qualities.

Physical Description

Matthew Cull’s House is located on the north side of Middleton Road within the periphery of the town centre of Albany. The long, narrow site has a north/south orientation with the house situated close to the south boundary, it borders the main road and the ground floor level is below that of the street. Matthew Cull's House, a two-storey cottage displaying elements of the Victorian Georgian style, and associated outbuildings. Both externally and internally, the place has aesthetic value arising from its ad hoc overlays which give its naive visual qualities. Located on the rear of the block are several structures of timber and iron construction. They were constructed at different times and have a range of functions. The two-storey house is a simple, rectangular design constructed of brick and corrugated iron. The front façade is symmetrical and features a central, gabled portico sheltering the front door. The external brickwork is rough and uneven consistent with unskilled labour and gives the place a rustic, unsophisticated appearance. Other materials are evident in the construction to the rear of the building. The appearance is consistent with the evolution of the house from a simple three-room structure to its present structure. The internal layout of the house comprises two rooms and a kitchen on the ground floor, linked to three rooms on the top floor by a timber stairwell. An enclosed verandah runs along the width of the building. The internal construction and finishes are varied and demonstrates the ad hoc nature of the development of the building. The building has undergone conservation works, including external painting, internal refurbishments (i.e. t the kitchen) and a driveway was installed on the east side resulting in some of the original outbuildings being dismantled.

History

Matthew Cull’s House was constructed in 1872 on original Lot 303 Middleton Road. Matthew Cull, aged seven, had arrived in Western Australia in 1855 with his mother and sister. Matthew’s father, Michael, had been transported to Australia two years previously. The family settled in Albany after initially living in Fremantle. In 1869, Matthew married Welsh born Sarah Ann Bagg, a nursemaid to the Alexander Moir family in Albany. Matthew worked as a mail boat attendant and lumper, loading coal for the steamships. The couple lived in rented accommodation in Albany. Matthew Cull purchased Lot 303 in 1870 and began to acquire building materials for the construction of the house. Stone for the foundations of the house was collected from the site now occupied by the reservoir. During the day, Sarah would fill a wheelbarrow with stone and Matthew would wheel the barrow to the Lot after he finished work for the day. Two rooms and the kitchen were completed when the family moved into the cottage in 1871 with two children. Matthew and Sarah went on to have 15 children in total and the house grew to accommodate them. Matthew employed and added to his self-taught skills of brick layer and carpenter and was adept at salvaging items for his house. For example, the stairs between the lower floor and the upper floor were recycled ships staircase and a ships ladder, which was very steep and with 11 rungs. Matthew Cull was appointed verger to St John’s Anglican Church in 1881 and occupied the position until 1937, a year before his death at the age of 90. Upon Matthew’s death in 1938, Ivon and Maude Cull inherited the property. Ivon was the eleventh of Matthew and Sarah’s children. In the 1940s, bathroom additions were carried out which incorporated water pipes, with running water to the bath, basin and shower. In 1956, the property was subdivided into two equal parts but still remained within the Cull family. Matthew Cull’s House was now on Lot 13. The new adjoining Lot - Lot 12 - was given to Joy Green - the daughter of Ivon and Maude Cull. In the 1960s, further upgrades were made to provide more modern conveniences to the house. When the sewer main was installed in the 1960’s a modern flushing toilet was installed, and the old laundry was replaced and fitted with taps and running water. There is evidence of old galvanized piping and clay drainage pipes throughout the building. After the death of Ivon Cull (1968) and then Maude in 1981, their son Ronald inherited Matthew Cull House. When Ronald died in 1989, this property also went to Joy. In 1995, Joy’s son, Ivon Green, great grandson of Matthew and Sarah Cull, purchased the property from his mother and he established a trust for the preservation of the house. In 1998, the house was rented out. At that time the family were interested in developing the house as a museum, but the property was sold c2010 to new owners who have undertaken extensive and sympathetic internal and external conservation works and refurbishments.

Integrity/Authenticity

Integrity: High Authenticity: High/Moderate

Condition

Good

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Albany Memorial Park Cemetery

Child Places

• 04344 WA Christmas Tree

Uses

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Child Places

• 04344 WA Christmas Tree

Statement of Significance

The Memorial Park Cemetery, Albany is thought to be the first consecrated Cemetery in Western Australia. At the time of its closure, it was probably the longest serving Public Cemetery in the State. The Cemetery has historic significance at local, State, National and International levels as the final resting place of individuals of many different socioeconomic and ethnic origins, a number of whom where historically and/or socially prominent at local, State and National levels. It has landmark qualities.

Physical Description

The Memorial Park Cemetery, Albany is thought to be the first consecrated Cemetery in Western Australia. At the time of its closure, it was probably the longest serving Public Cemetery in the State. The Cemetery has historic significance at local, State, National and International levels as the final resting place of individuals of many different socioeconomic and ethnic origins, a number of whom where historically and/or socially prominent at local, State and National levels. It has landmark qualities.

History

Assessment Nov 2000 Historical Overview To date, four burial grounds/cemeteries are known to have existed within the City of Albany. Of these, the Memorial Park Cemetery is the third area to have been used in this fashion, and at its official closing on 16 September 1959, it is thought to have become the longest serving Public Cemetery in the State of Western Australia. The original allotment set aside for cemetery purposes, was Town lot S51, which has been identified on some of the first town maps of the settlement and which date from 1836. On 12th February 1840, the Government Gazette announced that Lot S51 had been set aside as a Public cemetery, although in keeping with the times, the land was placed under the care of the Church of England Trustees on 29 July 1845. The first additional allotment (lot 329) was gazetted on 30 April 1855, to the Albany Roman Catholic Church. This southern allocation to the original lot S51, was the first section to be used "above" Middleton road. The Wesleyan Methodist church was originally granted lots 272 & 273, however these were exchanged for lots 327 & 328 on 28 January 1884. Finally, the Presbyterian Church received approval for use of lots 503 & 504 as a cemetery on 16 July 1890. These various allotments continued to be operated and controlled by the various church authorities until the lands were re-vested by the government to the control of the Trust/Cemetery Board established under the Albany Cemeteries Act (1943), which came into effect on 25th Oct 1943. On 31 March 1944, by publication in the Government Gazette, all 6 lots were amalgamated into the Cemetery Reserve 22406. The same publication announced the appointment of 10 Trustees for care of this Reserve, and this system of trustees caring for the place has continued in almost unchanged format since, with care of the property being provided under the guidance of the Albany Cemetery Board. Both the Memorial Park and Allambie Park Cemeteries acquired their current names on 6 December 1963, from a list of names submitted by the public to the then Mayor of Albany, Charles Johnson. Prior to this, they were generally referred to as the "Old" and "New" cemeteries. Allambie Park cemetery opened on the 4th August 1954, only 5 years before the official closure of the Memorial Park Cemetery. Despite the official closure of the cemetery, a number of reservations remain current (with the last due to expire in 2003) and burials may still be permitted subject to the approval of the Minister and Albany Cemetery Board. Since the amalgamation of individual allotments occurred in the creation of Reserve 22406, only one amendment has been made. It was gazetted on 8 December 1972, and in effect the unused land in Lots 503 & 504 were reclaimed as Crown reserves and the overall area of the property was reduced slightly, to give the cemetery it current size of 2.5323 hectares. HISTORY The Memorial Park Cemetery is identified in the first town plans of Albany, and is a significant element in the history and growth of the town. Indeed, the positioning of the Albany Memorial Park Cemetery is probably a direct result of the town’s historical dependence on the shipping, which in turn relied on the town for restocking supplies, prior to the beginning of the 20th century. It should be remembered that in the early days of the Swan River Settlement, sailing ships were the main form of transport, both for settlers and also trade between the Swan River Colony, Europe, Asia and other Colonies developing in the East of the continent. These sailing ships were heavily reliant upon the direction of the wind, and as a result, a number of the ships visiting King George Sound were driven into the anchorage of Ellen Cove at Middleton Bay, rather than the “main” anchorage at Princess Royal Harbour.3 It soon became apparent to the early Government Residents, that a linkage road between the main township centred on York Street and Princess Royal Harbour, and the shipping arriving in Ellen Cove at Middleton Bay, was needed. Accordingly, the construction of Middleton Road was ordered in 18374, by Sir Richard Spencer, the first civil administrator of the settlement, and the subsequent detailing of the lot S51 on these earliest survey maps of the area,would suggest that a specific purpose for the property was already being considered. Referral to some of the published historical documentation of cemeteries in other Australian towns and cities of a comparable age, such as the East Perth6 & Karrakatta7 Cemeteries in Western Australia, and the West Terrace Cemetery in South Australia, would seem to suggest that the site was chosen for:  the lack of proximity to residential areas of the time;  of good, natural drainage potential; and  a suitable road already in position. These points would suggest a degree of careful forethought and planning had been given to the site selection; a consideration that appears to have been rarely practiced by early colonial administrators, at least in regard to cemeteries and burial grounds. Despite the negative commentary by the town’s newly appointed minister, Rev. John R. WollastonII, and later in the same year (1848) by the visiting Lord Bishop of Adelaide, the Right Reverend Augustus ShortIII, it would seem that at least some consideration had been given to the potential expansion of the town's population, in the future. Another point which would have found favour in the selection of lot S51 for a cemetery, was that it was, at that time, centrally located to both marine and terrestrially based users, being the half-way point of both the governing and geographical boundaries of the settlement. Before 1840, the main townsite of Albany was centred on York Street, and much of the governmental business and social events were focused on “Strawberry Hill Farm”, which was where the Customs office and the home of the then Government Resident, Sir Richard Spencer was sited. Amongst his other duties, Spencer was responsible for both the formal notification of deaths in the region to the Governor General, and also for overseeing the conduct of burials within the town prior to the arrival of the town’s first minister, Rev. John Wollaston in 1848. It may also be that the experiences with the two burial grounds which existed within the town centre, at town lots S112 & S115, prior to the development of this site, provided an added incentive to follow the directive of Sir George Murray, then Secretary of State to the Colonies, to Captain James Stirling dated 30 December 1828, which stated: "In laying the foundations of any . . . town, care must be taken to proceed upon a regular plan, leaving all vacant places which will in future times, be required for thoroughfares, and as the site of churches, cemeteries and other public works of utility and general convenience." On 28 November 1839, Assistant Surveyor Hillman returned to Albany, in the company of Surveyor General Roe and Governor Hutt. In his survey journals10 it is noted that he spent the week of 2 December 1839 sequestered with the Resident (and the aforementioned parties, I would assume) selecting land lots of public use. The Governor's party is then noted as leaving Albany on 4 January 1840. Dated the 6th, a note reads "Marking out Albany lots no. 14, 15, 16 & pointing out burial ground" According to a reference note 25 by Johnson11, this visit to the settlement by Governor Hutt & General Surveyor Roe is when the first burial took part in the then new cemetery. Rather than a newly deceased individual, this first burial was supposedly the re-interment of Dr. Alexander Collie, who had died in 1835 and had originally been buried in Lot S112IV.On the 8th July 1848, Rev. John R. Wollaston arrived in Albany, as the settlement's first Church of England priest. Shortly after his arrival, Rev. Wollaston makes arrangements for the newly appointed Archbishop of Adelaide, the Right Reverend Augustus Short, to undertake his first Episcopal Visitation to Western Australia. During this tour of the Swan River colony, the Archbishop was able to undertake, amongst other duties, the task of formally consecrating a number of church and burial rounds/cemeteries for the first time. With Albany being the first West Australian port of call after Port Adelaide, Archbishop Short consecrated the newly completed St. John's Church in Albany on 25 October 1848, and the cemetery on 27 October 1848, making these the first consecrated church and cemetery in Western Australia. Once again there is an entry in Wollaston's diary12 concerning Archbishop Short, which reads: "Lady Spencer gave a grand dinner on Friday, 27th Oct., on the afternoon of which day he consecrated a portion of the Burial Ground, leaving the remainder (three-quarters) for the other denominations. The Cemetery lies about halfway between Albany and Strawberry Hill." It should be noted that whilst de Mouncey13 stated that the Alma Street cemetery at Fremantle was the first burial ground to be consecrated in 1830, this particular comment in this text seems unlikely to be correct. What appears certain is that when the ship upon which he was travelling, the "Success", became severely damaged on a reef off Fremantle, the then ex-archdeacon of Sydney, Rev. Thomas Hobbes Scott spent an unexpected period of time in Fremantle and Perth. Whilst he did commit a number of notable clerical "firsts" at the Swan River Settlement14, Rev. Scott did not have the rank necessary to commit the formal benedictions required for a formal consecration. Undoubtedly, had there been an accepted consecration of the Fremantle grounds, Archbishop Short would not have felt it necessary to perform his consecration of the church and burial ground on 16 November 1848.Whilst there are questions regarding the correct consecration date of the Fremantle site, there is no doubt that burials took place at the Alma Street Cemetery from 1830 until its closure in 1895. It is also known that the site was later cleared of memorials and no longer exists in its original form. Unfortunately, it would also appear that to date, there has been no formal notice in the form of memorial plaques or signs denoting the original use of this historically importance site to the City of Fremantle. As the settlement and its population grew, there was a subsequent proliferation of the various religious institutions that could be supported by that population. This in turn lead to additional ground being allotted by the Crown Lands Department to applications by these church groups, for lands set aside specifically for use as a Cemetery, in return for a fee simple rent. With each denominational grantVI, the area designated for burials grew until the combined cemetery boundaries were represented by a total of 6 town lots. These lots were amalgamated and rezoned as Reserve no. 22406 in 1944, which occurred at approximately the same time as the appointment of the Albany Public Cemeteries BoardVII.With the advent of steam and other engine driven watercraft, Albany became an important anchorage and supply station for the many ships plying trades and transport between Australia and Europe. Further expansion of reliable overland contact between Albany and the joint economic capitals of Perth and Fremantle was made possible with the development of the Great Southern Railway between 1880 – 1890. This railway provided a much-used link between the coastal port and other areas in the state, particularly after the discovery of gold in the districts of Coolgardie and Kalgoorlie. During the gold-rush era of the 1880s, the port of Albany was the main discharge point for prospectors and others attracted by dreams of “instant” wealth. As in any situation in which humans are involved, some deaths are likely to occur, and the cemetery became the last resting-place for not only those local inhabitants who died, but also quite a number of passengers, both on land and at sea. Burial records detail many nationalities and socioeconomic levels of society, including representative races of most continents of the then known world.Over 1100 individual names have been noted in the inscriptions found on memorials15 located within Albany Memorial Park Cemetery which consists of just over two and a half hectares of grassed hillside. The cemetery is located on both sides of Middleton Road, one of the oldest major roads in Albany, and a major thoroughfare leading to places of historical and tourism interest such as Dog Rock, Strawberry Hill Farm & Middleton Beach. The cemetery adjoins the Albany District High School ovals and Bob Thomson Park, and is located just over 1 kilometre from the Albany Post Office on York Street, Albany. A small section of land that has not been used for burials on original lot 327 has maintenance shed and is often used for parking. It is easily accessed from Boronia Street. Recently “re-discovered” research by a local historian, Mr. Jack Peters, suggests that somewhere between 4,800 – 4,900 people were interred at the Memorial Park Cemetery16, although the source documentation on this work is vague, and is still being investigated and assessed. To date however, it would appear that this compilation is the most comprehensive listing of interments available for the place, and this work is still the major source of cemetery records used by the Albany Cemetery Board. Allowing for the additional records accumulated by the Albany Cemetery Board since September 1959, this would place the number of internments at approximately 5,000 individuals. As most of the records for the cemetery were held by individual church trustees prior to the creation of the Albany Cemetery Board, records remain scattered and incomplete, although work on assembling a crossreferenced database is continuing.The Albany Memorial Park Cemetery has a number of mature trees both surrounding the cemetery and within the main grounds, providing some indication of previous formal arrangements of pathways and sectarian divisions. These trees also providing a link with the symbolism prized by the Victorian-era in their funerary arrangements, through the choice of both exotic and local species, which have been seen to be associated with other pioneering cemeteries within WA. In a few places, there are indications of trees being privately planted on graves, although further investigation would assist in clarifying the exact number and extent of such arrangements. The most seriously compromised area is that of the earliest “lower” (northern) section of the original public cemetery on lot S51, where a number of gravesite borders and fittings, have been lost to decay, vandalism and possibly tidying-up practices. Here, many of the older graves are now unmarked, and are often undetectable to the naked eye. In winter when grass is green, the predominant effect in the older section, is of a park-like landscape dotted with headstones.As a result of various active and passive changes over the years, the cultural landscape of this cemetery has gradually changed in appearance from the busy, oft-visited place during its years as an actively operating cemetery, to the restful park-like setting of today. Up until the development of the new facilities at the Allambie Park Cemetery, which precipitated the subsequent closure of this cemetery, there would have been a great deal more detail than the headstones and grave surrounds that we admire today. Not only would the stone memorials have been present, but also the grave mounds, floral tributes, wooden corner pegs and other “temporary” markers which would have defined the gravesites of those whose families could not afford stone monuments, and it is these that would have dominated the scene. The remaining monuments and other sepulchral architecture in the Memorial Park Cemetery are the chief and most accessible element of the physical evidence and these are also documents of individual lives and the local community. Headstones in the place commemorate people who reached all ages, from babies and children to more than a dozen nonagenarians. The dubious honour of being the oldest “occupants” is one jointly shared by William George Hawkes and Esther Annie Maltby, both of whom were aged 98 at the time of their deaths. All cemeteries are important as records of past lives and deaths, and among those resting in the Albany Memorial Park Cemetery are men and women who died or where killed in such incidents as farming, work, road accidents and drowning as well as immigrants and travelers who died at sea. There are also a number of young men killed during World War I and other theatres of international conflict who are also memorialised at the cemetery. Adding a truly Australian touch to those immortalised in the inscriptions found at the cemetery, is one for Herbert Clifton Hassell, who was unfortunate enough to die in 1901, as a result of injuries sustained in a football match some two years before his demise.Inscriptions reveal that the first generation of immigrant settlers in the area came from a range of places of origin including Scotland, Cornwall, Ireland, and the USA. Closer examination of various local burial records also reveal that early town inhabitants included representatives of most continents of the then known world, including Australianaboriginals, various British stock, Scandinavians, Italians, Chinese, Afghans, and Indians.The memorials themselves vary from plain to elaborate, and it is notable that the cemetery also contains two rare wooden headboards, said to have been carved by ship’s carpenters for their former crewmates, prior to the beginning of the 20th Century. Although there are no tombs, there are a number of imposing obelisks and columns, and an interesting range of headstones, which provide a good range of examples of late 19th and early 20th-century monumental masonry. Given the town’s history of recurrent depressions and recessions, it is surprising to find that a number of these works were imported from not only other Australian states including SA, NSW and Victoria, but also overseas. Most of the sepulchral designs incorporate a range of traditional Christian images. Those of particular interest to the amateur historian are the Victorian-era funerary images such as: • The Cross and 'IHS' expressing faith in resurrection; • Anchors representing the security the believer finds in faith & also referencing the deceased's former occupational association with the sea; • Urns which are associated with funeral rites in many different societies and religions and which embody a neoclassical element; • Clasping hands expressing the hope of reunion in the afterlife; and, • Flowers symbolising not only love, living energy and the beauty of divine creation, but also providing further definition for the esteem with which the deceased was held, through the romantic symbolism which those of the Victorian-era applied through botanical analogy to a range of subjects. Other funerary artifacts of interest include a surprisingly large number of well-preserved cast-iron "lace" grave surrounds. Once again there are examples ranging from various simple designs to elaborate family and group enclosures incorporating detailed designs,

Integrity/Authenticity

Aesthetic Value: Situated on the northwest slope of Mt. Clarence, the Memorial Park Cemetery provides an aesthetically pleasing cultural landscape valued and further enhanced by the community, in their progressive development of a Botanical Garden and further recreational land adjoining the cemetery. The place has a variety of monuments & other funerary fixtures, many of which display skills, artistry & craftsmanship in the disciplines of ironwork and stone-masonry. The place has a landmark quality on both sides of Middleton Road. The park-like vista created by the cemetery provided the basis for further recreational development of the surrounding Middleton Road area. Historic Value: As the cemetery formally identified in the WA Government Gazette on 12 February 1840, it has a significant element in the history of the area at both local and State levels. At its official closure in 1959, it was probably the longest serving public cemetery in the State of Western Australia. The Memorial Park Cemetery is believed to be the first consecrated cemetery in the State of Western Australia. The cemetery has historic value as a record and burial place of many early European settlers whom still have descendants that live in the local area including members of the Cull, Egerton-Warburton, Hassell, Moir, Muir, Spencer and numerous other local pioneering families. A few of the individuals of State prominence buried in the place include Sir Alexander Thomas Cockburn-Campbell, Baronet; Henry Camfield; Anthony Hordern and Rev. John R. Wollaston. The Memorial Park Cemetery has a wide variety of monuments and grave fittings, a number of which display a high level of craftsman-ship and design in both the metal workers and stone masons crafts, which are rarely seen in a contemporary cemetery. SCIENTIFIC VALUE All cemeteries have research and teaching value, and have potential archaeological value in that they are sites, which, if it was ever appropriate or necessary to excavate, can yield information on human health and social customs in past times. SOCIAL VALUE The Memorial Park Cemetery is highly valued by the community for social, cultural, educational and religious reasons, and this high level of interest is reflected in the community’s continuous efforts over the years to maintain the cemetery and to enhance the surrounding areas.The Cemetery has been a part of the town of Albany from its earliest years, being the burial place of several thousand persons who died between 1840 and the present, many of who have descendants still living locally. The continued use of the cemetery even after the opening of a newer facility provides insight into the importance of the place’s contribution to the community’s sense of place. RARITY The Memorial Park Cemetery is possibly the last of a particular period of colonial-era cemeteries in the State of Western Australia, which has not been substantially reduced, altered or destroyed by bureaucratically authorised vandalism. Through particular representations of aspects of nineteenth-century religious doctrine and attitudes to death in the imagery of the monumental masonry, together with the segregationist practices visibly demonstrated at the site by the past inhabitants of the town, this place provides evidence of mourning customs and social divisions which are either rarely practiced, or extremely rare, in contemporary society. REPRESENTATIVENESS The unusual structure of the cemetery, being centrally intersected by a main thoroughfare, provides to even a casual observer an opportunity to observe the development of the cemetery and the various funerary practices associated with each section. These areas range from the original Victorian-era cemetery, which followed landscape contours, to those generally found in contemporary cemeteries with their pre-aligned rows of monumental arrangements. The Memorial Park Cemetery demonstrates characteristic Australian burial practices of the late nineteenth to mid twentieth century, and demonstrates the esteem in which communities hold their cemeteries. (Criterion 6.2) CONDITION The Memorial Park Cemetery has survived comparativelyI intact, despite the loss of some minor elements and damage to some monuments, due to vandalism, decay and some ill-informed management practices, mostly prior to the appointment of the Albany Cemetery Board. The cemetery is subject to regular maintenance by the Albany Cemetery Board, and generally appears to be maintained in a good condition. INTEGRITY The Memorial Park Cemetery has a high degree of integrity because, although burials officially ceased in 1959, it has continued in its original and intended use as a cemetery. Due to the loss of plot markers in the oldest sections of the cemetery, many of the older graves are unmarked and this diminishes its informative value. There is scope for restoring lost components of the fabric, with further examination and/or interpretation of historical evidence. Other non-invasive archaeological input and supervised reconstruction work would assist in facilitating greater public and visitor understanding and appreciation of the place. Research undertaken by various interested genealogists and local historians since the 1980s may help with later restoration and reconstruction of the site and encourage further works aimed at further augmenting community interest in, and ownership of, the place. AUTHENTICITY The place has a high degree of authenticity, because large amounts of the fabric, in the form of memorials and other funerary architecture, have remained in their original positions and arrangements within the cemetery. Whilst most are generally in good condition, it should be noted that the Memorial Park Cemetery suffers from some loss of context in the oldest sections due to some damage, loss and degradation of gravesite markers and fittings, and vandalism to some monuments.

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Child Places

• 04344 WA Christmas Tree

Statement of Significance

Albany Memorial Park Cemetery, a hillside cemetery reserve of just over 2.5 hectares divided into denominational sections and containing approximately 5,000 graves, has cultural heritage significance for the following reasons: The place is the first consecrated cemetery in Western Australia. The place has a landmark quality on both sides of Middleton Road, which has provided the basis for the development of further recreational developments in the immediate vicinity. The place is the burial ground for many people involved in the European settlement of the region, and of members of families prominent in the early history of Western Australia, particularly those prominent within the Great Southern regions. The place is significant for the number of burials of people from different cultural backgrounds and is representative of the multicultural foundation of the development of the town and region. The place is valued by the Albany and the Plantagenet regional community as a tangible reminder of the historical development of the town and region. The place is valued through its religious, historical, familial, personal and social associations and contributes to the local community’s sense of place. The place is significant as a cultural landscape, a topographically unusual cemetery, and a collection of sepulchral masonry and ironwork.

Physical Description

Albany Memorial Park Cemetery, a hillside cemetery reserve of just over 2.5 hectares divided into denominational sections and containing approximately 5,000 graves. The place is the first consecrated cemetery in Western Australia. The place is significant as a cultural landscape, a topographically unusual cemetery, and a collection of sepulchral masonry and ironwork. Some of the notable features of this place include: • Set either side of Middleton Rd and easily accessed by pedestrians • A number of mature trees, both native and exotic, shade the site • There is a diversity, style and age range of memorials and grave fittings in the cemetery, many of which display a impressive skills, artistry and craftsmanship in the disciplines of ironwork and stone-masonry Some obvious modifications include: • Some loss of funerary fittings, particularly in the oldest sections of the cemetery, due to decay and possibly early management practices • Monumental damage and fixtures loss owing to vandalism • Limestone block retaining wall constructed on northern section • Pine bollards and new trees (c. 2010)

History

To date, four burial grounds/cemeteries are known to have existed within the City of Albany. Of these, the Memorial Park Cemetery is the third area to have been used in this fashion, and at its official closing on 16 September 1959 it is thought to have become the longest serving Public Cemetery in Western Australia. The first two burial grounds were situated on town lots S112 & S115, both of which are situated in the land that lies between York & Stirling streets. Lot S115 was originally used prior to 1832 by the NSW penal settlement. With the change of government control from NSW to WA (Swan River settlement), Lot S112 was noted as being in use from 1832 onwards. Whilst it is known that, one body was exhumed during property development of Lot S115 in June 1964, (later this body was re-interred at the Memorial Park cemetery), there is little firm evidence to suggest that any of the other remains that were relocated to any other cemeteries. This would suggest that there are at least two bodies still to be found at Lot S112, and approximately 35-60 remain under the car park behind the Town Hall at Lot S115. The Memorial Park Cemetery is probably the longest serving Public cemetery in WA, and has been identified on the first town maps of the settlement, which date from 1836. On 12th February 1840, the Government Gazette announced that Lot S51 had been set aside as a Public cemetery, although in keeping with the times, the land was placed under the care of the Church of England Trustees on 29 July 1845. It should be noted however, that this does not mean that the burial of members of other faiths were not permitted in the allotment, only that they would have been placed in a separate section of the grounds to those of the Church of England. The first minister of Albany, Rev. John R. Wollaston confirmed this view with his comments concerning the consecration of the site, which was probably the first cemetery consecration in the State. The Lord Bishop of Adelaide, the Right Reverend Augustus Short performed the ceremony, on 27th October 1848. He noted in his diary: "Lady Spencer gave a grand dinner on Friday, 27th Oct., on the afternoon of which day he consecrated a portion of the Burial Ground, leaving the remainder (three-quarters) for the other denominations. The Cemetery lies about halfway between Albany and Strawberry Hill." As the settlement and its population grew, there was a subsequent proliferation of the various religious institutions that could be supported by that population. In keeping with the segregationist policies of the era, the Government, in response to requests from the various church bodies, allotted cemetery land. The first additional allotment was gazetted on 30 April 1855, to the Albany Roman Catholic Church. This southern allocation was the first section to be used "above" Middleton road. The Wesleyan Methodist church was granted lots in 28 January 1884. Finally, the Presbyterian Church received approval for use of lots in the cemetery on 16 July 1890. These various allotments continued to be operated and controlled by the various church authorities until the lands were revested by the government to the control of the Trust established under the Albany Cemeteries Act (1943). On 31 March 1944, by publication in the Government Gazette, all six lots were amalgamated into the Cemetery Reserve 22406. The same publication announced the appointment of 10 Trustees for care of this Reserve. Since that time, only one amendment to Reserve 22406 has been made. It was gazetted on 8 December 1972, and Lots 503 & 504 were reduced slightly, to give the cemetery it current size of 2.5323 hectares The Memorial Park Cemetery is the final resting-place of approximately 5,000 individuals, although only about 1,100 names are noted on memorials in the cemetery. These people from a wide range of racial and socio-economic backgrounds, and are not only members of local Aboriginal and pioneering families, but there also people of state prominence, together with travellers from overseas and other states. Unfortunately, as most of the records for the cemetery were held by individual church trustees prior to the creation of the Albany Cemetery Board, the remaining records are scattered and incomplete, although work on assembling a cross-referenced database is continuing. The remaining monuments and other sepulchral architecture in the Cemetery are the chief and most accessible element of the physical evidence and these are also documents of individual lives and the local community. Headstones in the Albany Memorial Park Cemetery commemorate people who reached all ages, from babies and children to more than a dozen nonagenarians. The dubious honour of being the oldest “occupants” is one jointly shared by William George Hawkes and Esther Annie Maltby, both of whom were aged 98 at the time of their deaths. The memorials themselves vary from plain to elaborate, and it is notable that the cemetery also contains two rare wooden headboards, said to have been carved by ship’s carpenters for their former crewmates, prior to the start of the 20th Century. Although there are no tombs, there are a number of imposing obelisks and columns, and an interesting range of headstones, which provide a range of good examples of late 19th and early 20th-century monumental masonry. Given the town’s history of recurrent depressions and recessions, it is surprising to find that a number of these works were imported from not only other Australian states including SA, NSW and Victoria, but also overseas. Other funerary artefacts of interest include a surprisingly large number of well-preserved cast-iron "lace" grave surrounds. Once again there are examples ranging from various simple designs to elaborate family and group enclosures incorporating detailed designs. Both the Allambie and Memorial Park Cemeteries acquired their current names on 6 December 1963, from a list of names submitted by the public to the Mayor of Albany, Charles Johnson. Prior to this, they were generally referred to as the "Old" and "New" cemeteries. Allambie Park Cemetery, which opened on 4 August 1954, began operating five years before the official closure of the Memorial Park Cemetery. Despite the official closure of the ‘old’ cemetery, a number of reservations remained current (with the last due to expire in 2003) and burials may still be permitted subject to the approval of the Minister and Albany Cemetery Board.

Integrity/Authenticity

Integrity: High Authenticity: High/Moderate

Condition

Good

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Mouchemore's Cottage and Net Shed, Albany

Condition

Overall, Mouchemore’s Cottage and Net Shed, Albany is in fair to good condition.

Uses

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Statement of Significance

Mouchemore’s Cottage and Net Shed, Albany, comprising a single-storey residence in the Victorian Georgian style constructed in timber framing, with a variety of wall claddings and an iron roof, and a net shed in the Federation Bungalow style constructed with timber framing and clad in corrugated galvanized iron, has cultural heritage significance for the following reasons: The place is rare as an extant timber residence constructed in the first three decades of European settlement in the State, and as a nineteenth century timber frame ‘wattle and daub’ or ‘lath and plaster’ cottage. The place is rare as an early residence associated with shore-based whaling and fishing families, a way of life that is now uncommon. Since the 1850s, the place has had an almost uninterrupted ownership by persons closely associated with the important maritime history of the Albany region, initially through whaling activities, then the water police, and from 1905 into the twenty-first century, the fishing industry under the Mouchemore family. The place is a fine example of timber-framed buildings constructed using a variety of materials and construction and cladding techniques, rendered in the Victorian Georgian and Federation Bungalow styles. The use of salvaged ships timbers in parts of the cottage’s construction and the interior ship’s doors are rare features for an extant nineteenth century building. The place is part of an historic precinct including the Residency Museum, Gaol, Police Barracks, the Amity reconstruction and a number of relocated buildings. By reason of its location, sequence of construction and continuity of use, the place has the potential to contribute to an understanding of the development of Albany and the region, nineteenth century shore whaling and the fishing industry on the south coast, especially by means of archaeological investigation of the site. Pavings, plantings, road surfaces, concrete floors to the verandahs, the unconnected gas cooker in the kitchen and the southern steps to the net shed are of little significance.

Physical Description

Some of the notable features of this place include: • Located in the Amity Precinct which includes the old gaol, the Residency, the replica Amity Brig • High streetscape value • High hiipped corrugated metal roof with broken backed verandah • Carport included under main roof • Net shed - free standing, rectangular, corrugated iron building with a steeply pitched roof • Low doors that were originally brought in from old ships • Interior layout, fixtures, furnishings and contents have high authenticity. Some obvious modifications include: • Rear extension (done by the Mouchemore family) • Picket fence around verandah and concreted floors • New Colorbond roof c2010

History

The cottage was likely built by Marguerite Galle c1890-1905. Before land reclamation was carried out, it was located on the original shoreline. The Mouchemore family arrived in Albany in the 1880s and bought the cottage in 1905. The Mouchemore family ran a family fishing business. In 1919, the family built the Net Shed which was moved further to the south to accommodate the addition to the cottage at the south-west. During the late 1990s, Victor Mouchemore talked on a number of occasions with Valerie Milne of the [WA] Museum about the place, and about his wish to have the place conserved. In [October] 1998, Victor Mouchemore died. Although the place remained vacant much of the furniture and chattels owned by Victor remained in the cottage. In [March] 1999, the Public Trustees were registered as proprietors. In 2001, following negotiations with Victor’s son Bryce Mouchemore, the place was sold to the City of Albany who then leased it to the Museum for museum purposes. In 2002, the Museum commissioned a Conservation Plan. In 2005, the place was permanently entered in the State Register of Heritage Places.

Integrity/Authenticity

Integrity: High/Moderate Authenticity: High

Condition

Moderate

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Old Gaol, Albany

Parent Place or Precinct

18405 Amity Heritage Precinct, Albany

Uses

Historic Themes

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Statement of Significance

Old Gaol, a complex of rough cut granite and colonial brick buildings, arranged around a central courtyard and surrounded by a random rubble wall, has cultural heritage significance for the following reasons: The place has a close association with the Convict Establishment in Western Australia. It is an important component in a group of places which reflect the mid-nineteenth century settlement of Albany. The place has an association with the exploration of the coast of Western Australia by Matthew Flinders in 1801, and Edmund Lockyer's settlement in 1826.

Physical Description

The Old Gaol comprises a series of stone buildings arranged around a central courtyard with the hiring depot in the centre. The 1852 building, constructed form rough cut granite, is single storey with a steeply pitched roof, simple in finish. The 1873 buildings are of handmade bricks laid in Flemish bond, sometimes with a pleasing diapered effect created by the variation in tone in the bricks. There is a two-storey brick observation tower overlooking the complex. A random rubble wall, interspersed by brick reinforcing and infill, surrounds the whole. Electricity was installed in the 1960s when the buildings were renovated for use by the Albany Historical Society. In 1990, a conservation and restoration programme began which included the restorative work to halt the deterioration of the fabric of the buildings. Further work in 1991 and 1993 completed this restoration project and added new features such as new timber floors, an external stair and the provision of more appropriate lighting. Additional conservation works funded by the National Estates Grant Programme were undertaken in 1995.

History

The Old Gaol was constructed in two stages; in the early 1850s a lock-up and quarters and in the early 1870s substantial additions were made to the lock-up. The site chosen was a logical one as fresh water flowed into the harbour at that point. It was the same location at which Matthew Flinders had camped during his circumnavigation of Australia. In 1826, Major Edmund Lockyer also chose the site for the military outpost which was the first white settlement in Western Australia. Lieutenant Crossman selected the site for the permanent depot in 1852 and construction began soon after. The permanent facilities include a lock-up and quarters, warders quarters, a large depot building, workshops, hospital, kitchens, offices, commissariat store and quarters and garden and parade ground. Construction was carried out by ticket-of-leave men supervised by the Royal Sappers and Miners who served as instructor warders. Quarries at Mount Melville and town lots 63, 64 and 65 supplied the granite stone. Timber was cut by ticket-of-leave at sites nearby and bricks were made locally under contract. The original intention for the lock-up was as a place of punishment for ticket-of-leave men however the facilities were soon used for colonial prisoners as well. In 1864, the convict depot was proclaimed a public gaol therefore placing it under control of the local police rather than the military. As the convict system wound down plans were made for a new gaol attached to the old gaol. Work proceeded in the first half of 1873 and the new gaol was officially proclaimed in June 1873. The new accommodation included gaoler’s quarters, a new depot building, a timber lined cell for Aborigines, female cells and a day room, a kitchen and wash house and two separate walled exercise yards for male and female prisoners. The 1873 buildings were built of solid brick walls on stone foundations, brick chimneys and timber joinery, roof framing, floors and roof shingles. The boundary walls of brickwork were constructed at this time. The existing offices and workshops were demolished during the building of the new gaol. The functions of several buildings also changed at this time, including the conversion of the commissariat stores and quarters to become the Resident Magistrate’s home. Further minor alterations additions were made in 1878 and in the early 1880s. The Western Australian Land Development Company acquired the property in the late 1880s as part of its Perth to Albany railway construction project. It is assumed that the remaining original buildings, apart from the Residency, were demolished at this time. The gaol continued to operate during the time of the WA Land Development Co. were constructing the railway. The state government resumed control of the property and despite requests for improvements the buildings remained relatively unchanged until 1940 when it was decided to close the gaol and demolish the buildings. No tenders were received for the demolition work so the property passed to the Public Works Department who used the buildings as a store, workshop and garage. They occupied the buildings until 1959 when, after much discussion about the future use of the buildings, the site was vested in the Albany Historical Society in 1968. The Society uses the buildings as a Museum, library and as a repository for historical records and artefacts. Major conservation and restoration work was commenced in 1990 with funds from the National Estates Grants Programme.

Integrity/Authenticity

Integrity: Moderate Authenticity: High/Moderate

Condition

Fair

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History

Originally Convict Hiring Depot from 1851 - 1905. Originally part of Reserve 41 (which was included in the residency) the gaol was complete in 1873 at a cost of 1,230 pound. In September 1886 the railway track cut through the block and separated the residency from the gaol by half an acre. The gaol, the third of the five which the town has had was the only one built by private contract. The murderer Deeming was sent there to await transport to the Eastern States. In process of restoration (as at 1967) by the RWAHS, Albany.

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Point King Lighthouse Ruin

Uses

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Statement of Significance

Point King Lighthouse Ruin, of local limestone, has cultural heritage significance as an archaeological site for the following reasons: The place has important historical associations with shipping in Australia, and with the development of the Port of Albany as the first port of call for shipping from Europe and Africa. The place has important associations with coastal navigation services in Australia, both as the remains of the first navigational lighthouse for the south-west coastline dating from 1858, and as the second lighthouse on the Western Australian coast. The place is socially significant for its association with former lighthouse keepers and for contributing to the Albany's sense of place and importance. The place is aesthetically important for its simplicity and the sophisticated utilisation of local material in a natural environment. The alterations made to the south east section of the place, during World War Two, are considered to be of low significance.

Physical Description

The building is located on the tip of Point King at the base of the shore line. The ruin clearly shows the building was formerly four room with a central hallway. It is a random stone construction with brick around the doors and windows. The exterior walls were rendered and the interior walls show evidence of being plastered. The location of the building in a relatively remote and inaccessible position has meant it has been largely untouched by vandals, but does make it more vulnerable to the elements.

History

The Point King Lighthouse was built in 1858 as a response to the end of the Crimean War in 1856. It was anticipated that this event would pre-empt the return of the lucrative mail boat service to the eastern states. The benefit of warning sailors of the narrow harbour entry was apparently not the primary concern. Like the lighthouse on Breaksea Island, it was paid for by the British government to protect their steamship route through Albany. In February 1858, the lighthouse became the first to show a light on the south coast of Western Australia. However its importance diminished with the building of the new harbour at Fremantle. It was used until 1911. The last keeper was Samuel Mitchell and his descendents still live in Albany. In World War II, No. 1 Artillery Coastal searchlight was installed into the lighthouse. Gun emplacements were constructed nearby. Since from the end of war, the building ws left vacant and lost its roof resulting in deterioration. Its exposed position made it more vulnerable to the elements and it is now a ruin. A conservation plan was prepared in 1995 in order to restore and stabilise the building and work to preserve the remaining structure was carried out.

Integrity/Authenticity

Integrity: Moderate/Low Authenticity: Moderate

Condition

Poor

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Major Lockyer Memorial

Parent Place or Precinct

00039 Residency Museum

Uses

Historic Themes

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Albany Town Jetty

Child Places

• 03238 Albany Deepwater Jetty

Uses

Historic Themes

Creation Date

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• 03238 Albany Deepwater Jetty

History

Construction 1862-1864 Architect/designer: Mr James Covert Builder: Mr James Covert, Mr Alexander Moir Extent of assessment: Albany town jetty, including the seabed under the jetty and adjacent to it.

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Child Places

• 03238 Albany Deepwater Jetty

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US Navy Submariners' Memorial, WW2

Parent Place or Precinct

00026 Albany Forts

Uses

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Creation Date

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Albany Deepwater Jetty

Parent Place or Precinct

03607 Albany Town Jetty

Uses

Historic Themes

Creation Date

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Physical Description

Extent of assessment: Albany Town Jetty, including the seabed under the jetty and adjacent to it.

History

Assessment 1998 Architect/Designer: Mr James Covert Builder: Mr James Covert, Mr Alexander Moir Construction date: 1862 - 64 Alteration/Additions Date: 1873 -7, 1893, 1899 - 1900

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Statement of Significance

Albany Town Jetty, including the seabed under the jetty and adjacent to it, and notwithstanding the sequential alterations to the jetty structure, as has aesthetic, historic, social, representative and rarity cultural heritage significance for the following reasons; It is believed to be the oldest jetty site in WA in continuous use. The place was the gateway port to Australia for international passenger ships arriving from Europe via Cape Leeuwin between 1862 and 1897. During this period it was also the principal landing place for migrants, imports and exports, and international mail. The place is associated with the development of mail and steam ships services to and from WA in the nineteenth century, and with the development of port facilities in WA. The place is representative of the importance of shipping in communication, and in the provision of commercial services in the mid and late nineteenth century.

Physical Description

Description taken from Adam Wolfe's Albany Maritime Heritage Survey 1627-1994 Heritage Council of WA-1994 Heritage Council of WA 1994. Albany Town Jetty is a wooden pile finger jetty fitted with deck railing culminating in a rectangular jetty head. At a later date the jetty was fitted with lamp posts and a number of cranes. A dual tram tracck was laid on the deck connecting the head of the jetty with the shore. In 1892-3 the jetty was extended by 121m. The extension consisted of an arm which curved towards the south east. The last 70m was 10m wide. A railway line was also built along the east side of the old jetty and onto the jetty extension. Structures built on the jetty included; a baggage and customs store at the base of the jetty; the Princess Royal Yacht Club Rooms; a variety of sheds used amongst others, the Navel Cadets; tearooms; dance hall and a number of landing stages. The jetty was connected to Stirling Terrace by a pedestrian bridge over the railway line. The base of the bridge was located on the east side of the Post Office and Government Offices in Stirling Terrace. The Ship Inn established in 1843 was located on the shore on the west side of the jetty. This building was demolished to make way for the Great Southern Railway in the 188os. Bathing baths were erected on the jetty in 1889 and in 1924-5. The latter were demolished in 1961. In 2001the Albany Town Jetty is a timber and iron finger jetty with a landing and steps on each side of the jetty head. Land fill encloses the base of the jetty on which a car park is located. A concrete boat ramp is located on the south west side of the seaward end of the reclaimed land. It is located on the alignment of Spencer Street below the Old Albany Post Office on the north shore of Princess Royal Harbour. It is envisaged that heavy concentrations of artefacts associated with shipping remain under the sea bed around the jetty

History

Albany Town Jetty was built from 1862 to 1864 to service the Port of Albany. This was the second jetty in Albany as the first quickly became obsolete following the end of the Crimean War in 1856 and the subsequent increase in traffic through the Port as a result of the steam mail contracts. In December 1860, James Covert won the tender for the design and construction of the Albany Town Jetty. Work was slow to begin as timber had to be cut and transported to Albany and workmen and iron fittings procured. Thus it was not until July 1862 that Covert had completed 25 feet of the jetty. Progress continued to be slow then ceased completely as Covert could not finish the task. Further tenders were called and in 1864, Alexander Moir of Albany completed the jetty. The jetty was built as a platform to land cargoes, for the delivery of mail from steamers, and for official purposes such as the measurement and licensing of boats for commercial use on the Harbours and Sound. The jetty comprised a straight arm with two sets of rails laid on the deck and hand railings along both sides. Landings were towards the head of the jetty and hand operated trucks ran on the rails. By 1870, kerosene lamps were hoisted at the seaward end of the jetty as guides for boats landing from mail steamers. In 1868-70, the Government built three-storeyed offices at the end of Spencer Street. The lower storey, a bonded store, adjoined the jetty. In the same year, Albany Town Jetty was declared an official landing for custom purposes. Increased traffic at this time led to the extension of the jetty in 1873 and the construction of an iron crane to the south-west corner of the jetty head. Sea baths were built on the west side of the jetty in 1889. By the early 1880s, the number of ships calling at the Port increased and the Albany Town Jetty had a lack of berthing room. It was not until 1893 that the jetty was further extended with a curved arm toward the south east. In 1899, further additions included the construction of a railway and viaduct along the east side of the jetty and jetty head. A railed-in footway was built along the east side from the shore to the curve in the jetty with openings for access to the water In 1911, a timber boatshed and slip for the Princess Royal Yacht Club were erected on the east side of the jetty. The building remained in use until 1958-59 when the club relocated to Little Grove. Sometime later a shed and slip were built south of the boatshed on the east side. The condition of the jetty deteriorated and in 1951-52, the base of the jetty was demolished and buried under landfill. In 1961, the sea baths and shed were demolished. Further work was carried out in 1972 and 1973, and the remaining sheds on the east side of the jetty were demolished and south-east arm shortened. Other alterations have been made to the fabric since that time. In 1978, with the closure of the Cheynes Beach whaling station the whale chasers left the jetty and the old jetty head was closed off and abandoned. In response to the proposed dredging of an area adjacent to the jetty a maritime archaeological assessment of the area was undertaken. In 1996, a memorial to the Deepwater jetty was dedicated. The jetty continues to be used for the Port of Albany and for recreational purposes. Water access is restricted to the pilot boat and tugboat berths.

Integrity/Authenticity

Integrity: Moderate

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Albany Railway Station & Bond Store

Child Places

• 24543 Albany Railway Station/Tourist Bureau
• 24545 Customs Bonded Warehouse

Condition

Generally fair to good, requires some work externally to prevent further damage.

Uses

Historic Themes

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• 24543 Albany Railway Station/Tourist Bureau
• 24545 Customs Bonded Warehouse

Statement of Significance

The former Albany Railway Station building has a historic value for its links with WA's first land grant railway. It is also significant for its role as an entry point for visitors and immigrants to Western Australia, thus giving it high social value. The building has rarity value as the only remaining structure from the original Great Southern Railway between Albany and Beverley. The lining of the building with packing case materials at the time of construction clearly demonstrates the integrity of the structure. The old Bond Store has historical value as part of the early port development in Albany and for its association with George Cheyne.

Integrity/Authenticity

Moderate to high integrity.

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• 24543 Albany Railway Station/Tourist Bureau
• 24545 Customs Bonded Warehouse

Statement of Significance

Albany Railway Station & Bond Store (fmr), comprising the timber and iron Railway Station Building (1888; 1961-63; 1994) in Federation Queen Anne Style and the brick and iron Bond Store (c.1880s, 1897; 1949; 1962) has cultural heritage significance for the following reasons: The Railway Station Building is rare as the only remaining example of an 1880s timber railway station building in Western Australia and as the only original West Australian Land Company building remaining on the Great Southern line. The place is rare as a group of buildings that demonstrate the interactive operation of railway and port facilities as the primary method of transportation and communication in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Western Australia. The place was a significant element in the Great Southern Railway, which was vital to the continuing development of the town and the region. The Railway Station Building is a good representative example of a well designed timber building in Federation Queen Anne style. The place forms a significant precinct of Federation era railway elements and contributes to the aesthetic qualities of the Stirling Terrace precinct. The small timber shelter and surrounding bush garden to the west of the former Station building and the historic maritime artefacts at the western end of the platform are of little significance. The two concrete piers and steps associated with the pedestrian footbridge are considered intrusive.

Physical Description

Railway Station Some of the notable features of this place include: • Good streetscape value • Long, imposing building on waterfront • Tudor style wood work on walls and in prominent gables • Finials • Crossed adornment on windows (similar to American ‘kit’ home at 93 Spencer St, which used to be situated opposite railway until relocated in 1901) • High integrity Bond Store Some of the notable features of this place include: • Good streetscape value • Part of heritage area that includes old Albany Post office, Lionetti’s Emporio and former Albany Railway Station • Simple industrial/commercial design • Twin gables with finials • Rectangular ventilator openings in the gables • Thick brick walls with render Some obvious modifications include: • Flat roofed timber extension on the eastern side of the station building • Verandah at the rear which covers railway platform

History

Railway Station The Albany Railway Station was built as the terminus for the Great Southern Railway. On 1 June 1889 the railway line was opened, but the opening ceremony was held at Beverley because tensions were high at Albany after townspeople realised that the line restricted access to the foreshore. The last passenger train ran to Albany in December 1978. The old station became the Bus Depot. Pinewood planking from the packing crates of machinery and equipment imported from England for the Great Southern Railway project, was recycled into the cladding of the Albany Railway Station building. This information was revealed in restoration work in 1994 that uncovered sections marked by a stencilled logo in black paint. The logo was a diamond containing the words ‘WA Land Co’. The 1994 restoration project was part of the Albany Foreshore Development Plan initiated by the local community and overseen by the Great Southern Development Authority. The project cost $350,000 with funds being provided by a grant from the State Government. The outside of the building was kept as close as possible to the original while the interior was changed for modern functioning. The former railway station was used as the City of Albany’s Tourist Bureau/Visitor Centre since 1994. In 2018 it again became primarily a Bus Depot/Station. Bond Store The former custom bonded warehouse dates initially from 1854 and comprises two parts interconnected with access onto a railway platform, which forms an extension of the platform servicing the adjacent former Railway Station. The warehouse is situated close to the Albany Jetty, which was important when all goods were imported into Albany by sea. Since the 1990s the warehouse has been variously used to house the Local Studies Collection and the local Model Railway Group. In c2010 significant conservation work was undertaken to the Bond Store to improve ventilation and repair damage to walls from salt damp.

Integrity/Authenticity

Integrity: High/Moderate Authenticity: High/Moderate

Condition

Good

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Albany Railway Station/Tourist Bureau

Parent Place or Precinct

03262 Albany Railway Station & Bond Store

Uses

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Statement of Significance

The Albany Railway Station (in 1999 Tourist Bureau) was officially opened in 1889 as the terminus for the Great Southern Railway. It has significant aesthetic, historic, representative and social heritage value.

Physical Description

Good streetscape value Long, imposing building on waterfront Tudor style wood work on walls and in prominent gables Finials Crossed adornment on wind(similar to American kit home at 93 Spencer Street, which used to be situated opposite the railway until relocated in 1901) opposite railway until relocated in 1901) High integrity

History

The Albany Railway Station was built as the terminus for the Great Southern Railway. On 1 June 1889 the railway line was opened, but the opening ceremony was held at Beverley because tensions were high at Albany after townspeople realised that the line restricted access to the foreshore. The last passenger train ran to Albany in December 1978. The old station is now the Westrail Bus Depot. Pinewood planking from the packing crates of machinery and equipment imported from England for the Great Southern Railway project, was recycled into the cladding of the Albany Railway Station building. This information was revealed in restoration work in 1994 that uncovered sections marked by a stencilled logo in black paint. The logo was a diamond containing the words; "WA Land Co.". The restoration project was part of the Albany Foreshore Development Plan initiated by the local community and overseen by the Great Southern Development Authority. The project cost $350,000 with funds being provided by a grant from the State Government. The outside of the building was kept as close as possible to the original while the interior was changed for modern functioning. The former railway station has been used as the Albany Tourist Bureau since 1994.

Integrity/Authenticity

Integrity: High

Condition

Excellent

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Customs Bonded Warehouse

Parent Place or Precinct

03262 Albany Railway Station & Bond Store

Uses

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Statement of Significance

Built in 1854, but now used as the base for the Local Studies Collection, the former Customs Bonded Warehouse was once a vital part of the shipping industry of Albany. It has aesthetic, representative, rarity, historic and social heritage significance.

Physical Description

Good streetscape value Part of heritage 􀁄􀁕􀁈􀁄􀀃 􀁗􀁋􀁄􀁗􀀃 􀁌􀁑􀁆􀁏􀁘􀁇􀁈􀁖􀀃 􀁒􀁏􀁇􀀃 􀀤􀁏􀁅􀁄􀁑􀁜􀀃 􀀳􀁒􀁖􀁗􀀃 􀁒􀁉􀁉􀁌􀁆􀁈􀀏􀀃 􀀯􀁌􀁒􀁑􀁈􀁗􀁗􀁌􀂶􀁖􀀃 􀀨􀁐􀁓􀁒􀁕􀁌􀁒􀀃 􀁄􀁑􀁇􀀃 􀁉􀁒􀁕􀁐􀁈􀁕􀀃 􀀤􀁏􀁅􀁄􀁑􀁜􀀃 􀀵􀁄􀁌􀁏􀁚􀁄􀁜􀀃 Station Simple industrial/commercial design Twin gables with finials Rectangular ventilator openings in the gables Thick brick walls with render Poor external condition

History

The former custom bonded warehouse dates initially from 1854 and comprises two parts interconnected with access onto a railway platform, which forms an extension of the platform servicing the adjacent former Railway Station. The warehouse is situated close to the Albany Jetty, which was important when all goods were imported into Albany by sea. Since the 1990s the warehouse has been used to house the Local Studies Collection.

Integrity/Authenticity

Integrity: High Modifications: Corrugated asbestos cement sheeting on roof, Flat roofed extension on the eastern side and Verandah at the rear which covers railway platform

Condition

Fair

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Quaranup Complex

Uses

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Statement of Significance

Significant for its architectural character and its historic foundation as the Quarantine Station for Albany.

History

Assessment 1977 Constructed 1875 - additions and alterations to present day A complex of buildings begun in 1875 as a quarantine station with substantial additions (mainly wooden buildings) around the turn of the century and further altered up to the present day, comprising stone and timber framed structures in varying architectural styles. The powder magazine, erected on what was then an island for security reasons is thought to date from the 1860’s. The complex is now used as a Youth Camp and is being progressively renovated and upgraded.

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Statement of Significance

Quaranup Complex, comprising the Lower Area (9 structures), the Upper Area (24 structures) and the Isolation Area (6 structures); featuring buildings erected in Victorian Georgian style stone structures and Federation Bungalow structures; located in a bush and an ocean setting, has cultural heritage significance for the following reasons: The site has historic significance for its role in disease control, the arrival of new migrants, visitors and returning soldiers through the Port of Albany during the late 19th and early 20th century. The site has high social value as the first disembarkation point for many migrants and visitors to the state, and as a recreational camp visited by many Western Australian children, infrequently since the 1930s and more consistently from 1957, when the site was officially converted to a holiday camp. The place has aesthetic value for its impressive design, location and setting. The site has scientific value for its demonstration of late 19th century medical and social beliefs in, for example, its position on a high and windy ridge reflected the concept of ‘miasma’ or disease carrying vapours that prevailed at this time; and for its potential to contain archaeological deposits which can inform us about the past use of the site. The site is representative of a purpose built quarantine station of the late 19th century. The site is a rare example of an 1870s – 1940s quarantine station in Western Australia. The site is also considered to contain intrusive elements, such as the modern ablutions block, the modern dining room, the infill along the verandah of the Caretaker’s Quarters, the CGI sheds to the east of the Caretaker’s House, the carpark west of the laundry and the change in roof colour from red to olive green and the change from CGI cladding to colourbond.

Physical Description

The former quarantine station was a purpose-built structure designed by the Western Australian Public Works Department, embodying various medical and social, ideas of the period between the 1890s and early 20th century, although infrequently used for the intended purpose of quarantine and medical isolation. The complex of buildings comprises mainly stone and timber framed structures in varying architectural and vernacular styles, including Victorian Georgian – reflecting original Quarantine House – and Federation Carpenter Gothic and Federation Bungalow – represented mainly by the second campaign of building in the 1890s. There remaining structures include: jetty, powder magazine, waiting room, bathing block, fumigation block, funicular railway, hospital, sleeping quarters, kitchen, underground tanks, laundry, workshop, caretakers cottage, nurse’s quarters, isolation hospital, morgue and cemetery. For detailed physical description of the place refer to H+H Architects, ‘Quaranup Complex Conservation Management Plan’, prepared for Department of Sport and Recreation, June 2016

History

Several incidents of sickness on board ships arriving in Albany, which was the main port for Western Australia, led to demands for a proper quarantine station. These incidents included sickness aboard the Bombay in 1865, a suspected smallpox victim from the Rangatira in 1872 and a sick passenger from the Baroda in 1873. A Quarantine Commission was set up and recommended either Geake Island or the adjacent mainland Narrinyup/Geake Point as the best sites for a station. Narrinyup was chosen. In 1874, a building contract was awarded to Samuel Wood for two cottages and outbuildings, completed at the beginning of 1875. A jetty was also built costing £530, and a flagstaff. Of particular interest at the quarantine station is the powder magazine built on Geake Island, located on the island for security reasons. This windowless stone building with an iron door was used to store ammunition for Albany’s defence. It was completed in 1878 and built by Charles Donat Keyser. Keyser was a local Albany builder (1829 –1900), who built many other prominent buildings in Albany including: the J. McKail & Co Store (1880), National Bank (1881) and Union Bank (Albany House) (1884) all on Stirling Terrace; Brackenhurst (68 Brunswick Rd) (1881); and Treasure’s Building (137-139 York St) (1882). The island was named in honour of Digory Sargeant Geake, an early settler in Albany who built and ran the town’s first hotel. Later a causeway from the island to the mainland was built and Geake Island became Geake Point. By the mid-1890s, a major building campaign was embarked upon for the quarantine station at Quaranup. In 1895/1896 a new isolation hospital was built. In 1896 a new jetty was constructed by contractor A. R. Wright. By 1897, the stone kitchen block, third-class quarters (minus the dining room), luggage store, laundry and new quarters for the medical officer (attached to the caretaker’s quarters) were the first buildings to be completed, building contract awarded to W. Sangster. Many other buildings, also built by Sangster, were completed by 1898: Albany Quarantine Station: Four dormitories for married couples, one for single men and one for single women with large dining room and four bathrooms and lavatories, in one block with surrounding verandahs. A large dining and dayroom added to the existing buildings. Detached kitchen block containing cookhouse, scullery, servant’s dining hall, cook’s room, and three storerooms, connected by covered way to the main buildings. In the caretaker’s separate block, two rooms added for medical officer and three for attendants. Large laundry block, general store block for luggage, etc, female bathing shed, disinfecting house with patent disinfector and laundry, mortuary, and isolated infection hospital with special wards and nurses quarters.[Public Works Department, 1898, in H&H ‘Quaranup Complex CMP’ 2016] The isolation hospital was located away from the main complex area to ensure separation, and on top of that it was also fenced with a locked gate. A fumigation bath house and a jetty were built in 1903. In 1909, the place was transferred to the Commonwealth Government. Other significant additions were made to the complex over the next 20 years. These included an engine shed and tramway (Messrs Macara and Purtell, 1912); new store, retaining walls, road and bathroom block (1913); concrete storage tank (C. McDonald, 1919); and new nurses quarters (G. Lithgow, 1921). The quarantine station became an important facility particularly during wartime, for returned servicemen from both the Boer War and World War I. With its substantial facilities, the station also became a popular place for community, church and school groups who were allowed free use of the station complex for holiday programs and camps when it was not required for quarantine purposes. Fremantle’s build up as the State’s leading port, widespread vaccinations overseas and stricter quarantine measures led to fewer contagious diseases. Apart from its use by the armed forces, the last major epidemic the station coped with was influenza in 1930. However, the station was again acquiesced for war purposes, when in World War II sailors from the American Navy were billeted there. The American soldiers came from the South Pacific region but also joined other servicemen responsible for Fort security. (See Albany Forts). In 1956 the quarantine station was leased to Mr and Mrs Edward Wheeler for reuse as a hostel, and officially opened under its new name “Camp Quaranup” on 14 December 1957. A new road was constructed into the complex. The Wheelers operated the holiday camp until their lease was terminated in 1969, though the Wheelers were allowed to continue living there. Initially the place went back to State control then in 1970 it was vested in the Shire of Albany for recreation purposes who subsequently leased the main area comprising the buildings to the Camp Quaranup Committee in 1971. Several improvements and adaptions were made mostly by volunteer groups such as Lions, Apex and Rotary. By the late 1970s the historic facilities were starting to show signs of aging and deterioration and a report was commissioned to identify works and offer solutions. The place was then passed to the newly established Department of Youth Sport and Recreation – later called the Recreation Camps and Reserves Board. The heritage significance of the place was officially confirmed in 1980, when Quaranup was placed on the Register of the National Estate and major works were carried out in the early 1980s. The place was variously leased over the next 30 years, including to R & J Lucas, essentially continuing as a recreational camp facility. Quaranup is still operated on a non-profit basis for use by community organisations, youth groups, schools and service bodies.

Integrity/Authenticity

Integrity: Moderate Authenticity: High/Moderate

Condition

Fair

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Residency Museum

Parent Place or Precinct

18405 Amity Heritage Precinct, Albany

Child Places

• 00040 Major Lockyer Memorial

Uses

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• 00040 Major Lockyer Memorial

Statement of Significance

It has been classified for its historic interest and its long social significance. Originally it was convict hiring depot, and after that in 1873, it was converted into the resident magistrate's home.

History

A single storey cottage built of stuccoed stone walls and now with an asbestos cement roof which is not original. Many minor alterations over the years have altered its original character, but it is being restored. Its main importance is historic, since it was once a convict hiring depot and was built between 1852-1860 and later converted to the official residence of the town magistrate.

Condition

Good

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• 00040 Major Lockyer Memorial

Statement of Significance

From the State Heritage Assessment: Residency Museum, an L shaped, single storied, masonry building with a timber framed, timber shingled roof, has cultural heritage significance for the following reasons: originally associated with the convict establishment, the place was the home of Albany's Resident Magistrates for eighty years; the place reflects the history and development of the town; the place has a high aesthetic value; and, the place is highly valued by the local community. In addition: The place around Residency Point has cultural significance to the Menang Noongar, who call it Kalyenup - a Home or Camp place (Kal + Fire) and possibly as the birthplace of Bessy Flower. The place includes the site of where the original flag was raised by Major Edmund Lockyer (formerly called Point Frederick) to proclaim the establishment of the King George Sound settlement as a military outpost of NSW for the British Government on 21st January 1827. The current flagstaff and Lockyer Memorial marks the approximate location of this site. The place includes the replica of the Brig Amity, the ship captained by Major Edmund Lockyer and which landed in this approximate location December 1826. The place contains the former Police Quarters built in 1924 to house the local police officers further reinforcing the place as the location of law and order particularly in combination with the adjacent Albany Gaol. Along with the recently added Welcome Walls, the place is significant for its association with the arrival of British to establish the first British settlement in Western Australia and subsequent settlers to Albany as well as the requirements for law, order and governance that colonisation requires.

Physical Description

Residency Museum The Residency Museum is a single storied masonry building with a timber framed, timber shingled roof. It is located on the west side of Parade Street (Residency Road), south of the railway line. The museum is an L shaped building, with the entrance located at the north of the building and near the internal corner of the ‘L’. Its brick walls are rendered externally and plastered internally. The verandahs to the internal part of the ‘L’ are now enclosed and an entry vestibule added. The Residency Museum was originally a one room building, probably as the store for the Convict Hiring Depot. This room is now used as an office. Within a few years, an additional room was built to the west of the original room, and a few years after that, it appears that two more rooms were added. All four rooms have a common hipped roof. In 1873, additions and alterations took place to convert the building to a residence for the Government Magistrate. The additions consisted of an ‘L’ shaped extension of seven rooms with a perimeter verandah. Essentially, the internal layout has not changed but the perimeter verandahs were later enclosed. The internal layout of the Residency Museum consists of an entry vestibule with a reception counter on the right. The reception counter is located in a room that serves as the museum bookshop but was probably originally a formal sitting area, judging by the French doors beyond which allow views to Princess Royal harbour. To the west of this room is another display room, which was possibly used as a dining room, being close to the early four roomed building which possibly could have been used as servant's quarters. To the east of the book shop is a similarly proportioned and orientated room, which leads via what appears to be an original double opening to a corner room. This corner room and the three rooms to the north of it are similar in size. The corner room may have been an auxiliary reception room and the three rooms to the north were probably bedrooms. With the exception of the bookshop room, all rooms are now used for museum display purposes. The conversion to a museum has resulted in the fitting of modern lighting and the bricking in of fireplaces Brig Amity The Brig Amity is a full scale reproduction of the original timber vessel. The vessel is ‘dry mounted’ on the purpose built wharf. Modifications to the original design were made in regard to the water supply and fire safety. The cannon may be the original signal/town gun. Major Lockyer Flag Raising Site Refer Historical Notes Lockyer Memorial The memorial is a simple design in rough finished local granite. The area of engraving has been made smooth with the following inscription ‘To Major Edmund Lockyer of the 57th Regt. who landed here from the Brig AMITY on the 26th December 1826 to found the FIRST BRITISH SETTLEMENT on the western side of Australia. Erected March 1936’. Former Police Quarters and Stables The former police quarters are built of brick, stone and a new corrugated iron roof. The kitchen has been altered since its original construction. The building is in good condition and forms part of the Residency Museum group of heritage buildings. The buildings are often used as accommodation for visiting scientists and WA Museum staff on field trips.

History

The Residency The Residency was established in 1854. It was situated in Port Road, on Lot B41, Reserve 4156. (Subsequent redesign has changed the street address to Residency Road.) In December 1826, Major Edmund Lockyer and 24 convicts arrived at King Georges Sound in the brig Amity. Lockyer was instructed to establish a military outpost of the colony of New South Wales. It was at Residency Point (formerly Point Frederick) that the flag was officially raised by Lockyer on 21st January 1827 to proclaim the settlement for the British crown. In 1831, following the establishment of the Swan River Colony, the former military outpost, named Fredericks Town, was placed under the control of Governor Stirling and renamed Albany. Free settlement was granted and a Government Resident, Sir Richard Spencer was appointed. Spencer lived at the former Government Farm, which is today named Strawberry Hill Farm. Albany in common with the rest of the colony was slow to develop and readily agreed to take convicts when the decision was made to bring convicts to the Swan River colony. In 1851, a convict depot was erected on the landing site of Major Lockyer and the Amity. Between 1854 and 1856, the depot comprised of convict cells, barracks, commissariat store, an administration block and the superintendent’s residence . In 1872, the convict depot was closed and the buildings were transferred to the Western Australian Government. The barracks and store were converted, at a cost of £332, into a home for Albany’s Government Magistrate. Following Federation in 1901, the post of Government Magistrate ended and the position became that of Resident Magistrate. Until 1953, the building was home to all Government Magistrates and Resident Magistrates in Albany. It was the centre for many civic and social functions, including balls, weddings and tea parties. With the closure of the building as a home in 1953 it become in turn a school hostel, a naval depot and training facility and sea scout headquarters operated from the building under the name TS Vancouver. In 1970, Major Lockyer Park was developed which included the Residency Museum. The park includes buildings and features significant to the town of Albany (refer below). After renovations in 1975, the Residency Museum was opened as the first branch of the Western Australian Museum outside the metropolitan area. As part of the tenth anniversary celebrations, renovations were carried out on the building. Most significantly the asbestos roof was replaced with shingles. The building continues to operate as a branch of the Western Australian Museum. Brig Amity The full-scale reproduction of the brig ‘Amity’ was built as a focal point for the celebrations of the sesquicentenary of white settlement in Albany. The original ‘Amity’ brought Major Lockyer and his party from Sydney in 1826 to establish a military outpost of the colony of New South Wales. The ‘dry mounted’ reproduction recreates the 142 gross commercial vessel built in 1815 in St. Johns, New Brunswick, Canada. Major Lockyer Flag Raising Site After having arrived in King Georges Sound in December 1826, by January 1827 sufficient progress had been made in establishing the settlement for Lockyer to prepare for the formal ceremony to proclaim the establishment of the King George Sound settlement as per his instructions from the Governor Darling of NSW. A flagstaff had been installed by Lockyer on Point Frederick - using a spar brought with them from Hobart - along with two 18 pounder guns (or cannonades) and the event was recorded by Lockyer in his journal: Sunday 21st January – This day at sunrise the colors were displayed on the Flagstaff; at twelve o’clock a Royal salute was fired from the Battery and a Feu-Du-Joie by the Troops, and an extra allowance of Flour with Raisins and suet was ordered for the occasion to be issued to the Troops and Convicts; a number of the natives having come to the settlement in the morning the seine was Hauled on purpose to give them a feast; about Three hundred weight was taken of Capital Fish. The day proved fine and the whole went off well. Lockyer also painted a water colour of the young settlement at King Georges Sound which also shows the flagstaff on the point. The name Point Frederick was changed to Residency Point during the time G. E. C. Hare was Resident Magistrate of Albany from 1871-1881. Lockyer Memorial In 1936 the Albany Council, with assistance from the WA Historical Society, arranged for a memorial to commemorate Major Edmund Lockyer’s landing to be placed at Residency Point as close as possible to the site of the historic ceremony of the raising of the flag in 1827. The raising of the flag by Lockyer established the military outpost of the colony of New South Wales which led to the annexation of the Western half of the Australia to the British crown and the founding of Albany. The granite for the memorial was quarried from Mt Melville and made by local monumental masons, Hartman & Son. The unveiling ceremony occurred on 12 March 1936, officiated by Lieutenant-Governor Sir James Mitchell. The memorial has been re-sited since its original construction. Former Police Quarters and Stables The quarters were built in 1924 to house the local police officers. The building now forms part of the Residency Group of heritage places. The former stables were removed to make way for an annexe to the Residency Museum, the ‘Optic’ building. Welcome Walls In 2008, a Welcome Walls installation was constructed in the southern grounds of the Residency (near the lake) to commemorate the arrival of migrants and acknowledge the contribution they made to Albany and WA.

Integrity/Authenticity

Integrity: Moderate Authenticity: Moderate

Condition

Good

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House, 25 Rowley St

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Statement of Significance

House, 25 Rowley Street has cultural heritage significance for the following reasons: The place is part of a local streetscape comprising a number of similar residences which typify the type and style of construction in Albany at the end of the nineteenth century. The place is important for the fine display of Flemish Bond brickwork which is rare in Albany. the place contributes to the local community's sense of place. The place was built at the time of Albany's growth as a result of the construction of the Great Southern Railway. The place is associated with builder William Trott. The place is indicative of the late nineteenth century practice of farmers purchasing town lots for investment or retirement.

Physical Description

The house is a small brick, stone and iron cottage located in a residential area of Albany. The house is a fine example of a simple and well-constructed cottage and features a significant but appropriate degree of ornamentation for the scale of the building. Neighbouring buildings express a similarity in scale and function creating a streetscape of local significance. Although the house has the appearance of a single storey cottage from Rowley Street, the sloping site permits a basement storey with garden access and affords extensive views to the south and west. The original four-roomed cottage has a rectangular form with a hipped corrugated iron roof and rendered chimneys abutting the two shorter ends. The building is located close to the street with a low picket fence. Dividing the front verandah from the footpath. The front façade is symmetrical and sheltered by a verandah canopy. Patterned brickwork is a distinctive feature of the house, the dichromatic bricks, laid in Flemish bond. Dividing the front verandah from the footpath. The front façade is symmetrical, sheltered by a verandah canopy and creates a chequered pattern. A lean-to lock-up garage of adjoins the northern end of the cottage. A single storey extension to the rear of the original cottage is at an awkward angle due to the irregular shaped block. This cavity brick extension is of more recent construction. At the rear of the block the sloping block accommodates two levels of landscaping with an upper paved courtyard and a lower garden with a variety of planting. French doors, located centrally form the main entrance with a double hung sash window to each of the front rooms on either side. Timber stairs, immediately behind the front door lead down to the basement level. The balustrade that divides the central hallway in the house is well crafted. One room is situated on each side of the hall with an enclosed verandah running across the length of the house at the rear. This has been partitioned at the northern end for a bathroom. At basement level, the layout is similar with a room each side of the stairwell. Internal finishes throughout the original rooms consist typically of uncovered, timber floors and plastered walls and ceilings. Some decorative finishes such as some of the skirtings and ceiling roses are indicative of the original period of construction. In 1977, as part of the alterations that saw the construction of the extension to the rear of the building some brick and iron outbuildings were demolished. At the same time, the rear verandah infill at the upper level and the main roof were replaced and the front verandah flooring, posts and fence were made good. Other minor renovation work was undertaken prior to 1998 when the heritage assessment was undertaken. In c2010, major conservation works were undertaken to the cottage. As well as structural and remedial work to address rising damp and repointing.

History

Through the 19th century growth was slow in Albany until the opening of the Great southern Railway in 1889 and Albany experienced a small land boom. One to profit from this boom was John Norrish, of Kojonup. Norrish was a hotel and racehorse owner and had purchased land in Albany when the railway was proposed in 1881. Norrish subdivided and sold his land in 1889/1890. William Trott purchased Lot 3, on which 25 Rowley Street is located, in 1889. William Trott was born at Bunbury in 1854. He was the eldest child of Thomas and Ellen Trott. Thomas Trott, a mason and bricklayer, had arrived in Western Australia in 1850, as a convict on the Scindian. William Trott moved to Albany in 1886. He was employed on major works there, including the Town Hall and Court House. The arched stone entrances to the Court House are examples of his work. Evidence from the Albany Town Council rate books indicates that the house at 25 Rowley Street was one of three that were built in the street sometime between 1891 and 1892. Two of these houses were owned by William Trott, one of which he lived in and the other was rented out. It is unclear from the evidence whether the buildings were actually built by Trott. During the twenty years of ownership of the house by Trott, he lived in either 25 Rowley Street or 27 Rowley Street and rented out the other. In 1910, Henry Ives who rented the houses out purchased the property consisting of the larger Lot 3. In 1916, the property was subdivided into Lots 1 and 2. Lot 2 contained 25 Rowley street and lot 1 was 27 Rowley Street. A right of way along the boundary of Lot 2 allowed access to the back of Lot 1. The place has had a number of owners during the 20th century. The most significant changes made to the property were during the ownership of Selwyn Graves in the 1970s. An extension was built to the rear of the property and changes were made to the original cottage. It was at this time that outbuildings to the rear of the property were demolished.

Integrity/Authenticity

Integrity: High Authenticity: High/Moderate

Condition

Good

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Statement of Significance

Important for its architectural character derived from English Georgian and Victorian precedents adapted to the conditions in Albany. Critical as a rare surviving example in excellent condition

Physical Description

An early small house with particularly attractive patterned brickwork

History

date: before 1881

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Albany Pilot Station (fmr)

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Statement of Significance

Albany Pilot Station, comprising Pilot Crew Quarters, a stone, timber and iron duplex building (1902) and Coxswain's Quarter's, a timber and iron cottage (1884, 1889 & 1902) constructed to provide accommodation for the officers guiding vessels in and out of Princess Royal Harbour in the 19th and early 20th centuries has cultural heritage significance for the following reasons: The place is rare for its demonstration of the location and living conditions of one of the earliest pilot stations in Western Australia, with a sequence of buildings on the site having been used as pilots’ quarters from 1853 to 1936. The place has landmark value as a group of simple yet functional structures located on a prominent point in the naturally scenic environment of King George Sound, and contributes to a precinct of significant harbour related activities associated with communication and defence, which include the gun emplacements and Point King Lighthouse Ruin. The place is valued by the local community for its association with the early port functions at Albany, having occupied the site since 1854 when the first accommodation was provided for the Pilot and boat crew of the Albany port, then Western Australia's major port, to enable their function of guiding vessels in and out of Princess Royal Harbour in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The place represents the level of early accommodation provided for port officials at Albany, and is indicative of the State Government's lack of support for Albany as the major port of the State during the 19th century. The place is closely associated with the function of Harbour Master and Pilot at Albany in the mid 19th century, in particular with Captain William Pretious (1853-1868), who fulfilled most of the official duties required at the port at that time. The grain cleaning industrial facilities (c.1995), located at the west of the site and the garage and carport standing close but apart from the east elevation of the Pilot Crew Quarters are of low significance. The industrial equipment scattered across the site to the north of the cottages is intrusive.

Physical Description

Some of the notable features of this place include: Coxswain’s Quarters • Weatherboard clad with fibre cement and metal decked walls and a metal deck roof • The earliest remaining fabric is the two room rectangular portion along the south elevation (1889). • Prominent masonry chimney rises through the ridge • Addition to the north (1902), has a separate and higher hipped roof • North and south elevations have concrete paved verandahs with square timber posts supporting the roof over • The south verandah features a corrugated fibre cement balustrade • A separate corrugated metal decked WC structure with pitched gable roof and wide overhanging eaves • Internal finishes include timber floor, weatherboard walls, and timber boarded ceilings, back-to-back brick fireplaces with timber mantelpieces Pilot Crew Quarters • U-shaped building with a hipped corrugated iron roof • Two face brick chimneys • Random rubble stone walls and weatherboard infill • Brick quoining at the building corners and around window and door openings • Verandah the width of the building on the south elevation with the roof supported by square timber posts • Symmetrical design with the central north-south division creating two identical living units • Freestanding washhouse, garage and carport • A wide central passage divides the four living and sleeping spaces and leads to the front verandah • Walls have been rendered and painted and the four panelled doors feature moulded architraves Some obvious modifications include: • New roofs of both Coxswain’s Quarters and Pilot Crew Quarters.

History

While visiting Albany in January 1850, the Governor, Captain Charles Fitzgerald, directed that a pilot house be built to house the Pilot and boat crew. The Government Resident, Henry Camfield and Lieutenant Peter Belches, Harbour Master and Pilot, marked out a site for a Pilot's House on the north shore of Princess Royal Harbour, near the entrance, but construction did not commence immediately due to a lack of available labour and materials. With the promise of the mail ships coming to the harbour, a Pilot's House was completed in 1853, designed by the Office of Works. In c1869, a new stone house is reported to have been constructed for Captain Butcher, Harbour Master. Pilots were basically required to sail out to meet incoming ships and bring the ships into the harbour. It was noted in 1854 that the pilot boat was manned by ‘picked’ convicts but in 1857 some of the crew was Aboriginal men. In 1884, a Coxwain’s Quarters was built by contractors Locke and Harrison. In 1889, additions were made to the quarters comprising two rooms in weatherboard and iron on the east side. The plan for this work was signed by George Temple Poole, Superintendent of Public Works, and the building contract awarded to H. J. Cutting. Albany's port was at its busiest in the 1880s and 1890s. In 1887, a new mail contract was signed with both P&O and the Orient Line for a service between Britain and Australia, with Albany as one of the places of call. That year, Millar Brothers also commenced exporting timber through the port. By 1898, passenger numbers through the port averaged 500 a week. In 1900, Fremantle became the State's mail port but Albany continued to operate as a significant coaling and watering port. In 1902, substantial additions were made to Albany Pilot Station with the construction of the new Pilot Crew Quarters, a stone duplex building which was located between the first Pilot's House and the 1889 Coxswain's Quarters. A former resident of Albany recorded in 1927 that ‘the station held the pilot’s quarters, a house for his assistant, prisoner’s quarters, carpenter and sail shed, two or three outbuildings, a large brick oven, a boat shed, and a flag staff with a yard-arm and semaphore’ In the mid-1990s, the site of Albany Pilot Station was leased to Seed and Grain Technology. The stone Pilot's House was demolished and its site was occupied by the company's grain silos. In the early 2000s, the Pilot Crew Quarters were occupied as residence and offices by employees of the company, and the Coxswain's Quarters are used largely as holiday accommodation.

Integrity/Authenticity

Integrity: High/Moderate Authenticity: High/Moderate

Condition

Fair

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