Mulga Downs - Shearing Shed

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Old Wittenoom Townsite

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Statement of Significance

Old Wittenoom has historic cultural heritage significance. Without the story of asbestos mining in the Wittenoom Gorge the history of the Shire of Ashburton would not be complete. Local and State Governments actively discourage visitors, by warning them of the potential danger posed by asbestos remnants in the district.

History

The Wittenoom Townsite, located 288km inland by road from Roeburne, was once a thriving mining town. The town was established in the 1940's by Australian Blue Asbestos Limited, for it's workers. It is now thought, and in the process of being confirmed, that Wittenoom Gorge was originally named by the surveyor FT Gregory, when he led an expedition into the area in 1861. It appears that the Gorge was named after Reverend John Burdett Wittenoom, the first Chaplain to the Civil Establishment of Swan River Colony, who arrived in the brig 'Wanstead' early in 1830. Rev John Wittenoom's grandson, Francis Burdett (rank) Wittenoom, had interests in Mulga Downs in the early 1900's. In his journal Gregory reported the river flats as having rich pastoral potential. The area remained pastoral for many decades. Mulga Downs was in serious trouble between 1902 and 1915 when Frank Wittenoom employed George Hancock as manager. George was responsible for turning the property around. In appreciation Frank gave George a 25% share in the property and George then sold his share in Ashburton Downs, inherited from his father, to put the money into owning Mulga Downs. In 1935 George became a pastoral inspector for Dalgety, whilst his son, Lang Hancock took up managership of Mulga Downs. Though the West Australian Mines Department had known of the asbestos in the district since it's first discovery in 1908, no mining was carried out until the 1930's. At first mining was limited to surface exposures from which the fibre was won from benching, along an extensive northern sector of the range. Miners lived in tents. In 1938, Lang Hancock was involved in mining the first leases taken up in the Wittenoom Gorge. In 1943, Colonial Sugar Refineries bought out Hancock's Wittenoom Gorge leases and the mining industry expanded with the setting up of a subsidiary company, Australian Blue Asbestos Pty Ltd. By 1947, building of the town had commenced at the mouth of the gorge, which also gave the town Wittenoom it's name. From 1950 until 1966, Wittenoom Gorge was Australia's sole supplier if blue asbestos. In that time two schools, an open air cinema, hotel, churches and a myriad of both public and private retail and support services were established in the town. Asbestos tailings were used on some driveways and backyards, on the racetrack and in constructing roads and the airport. In 1966 the mine was closed owing to lack of ore reserves and high production costs. The history since the mine's closure, is now littered with stories of one of Australia's greatest industrial disasters. Of the thousands of men, women and children that lived and worked in Wittenoom, many have died of asbestos related illnesses and many more live in the shadow of potentially fatal lung cancer or mesothelioma. State Government policy on Wittenoom saw the town being declared a health risk. Since 1978-87 there have been various projects initiated to discourage continued settlement in that area. In 1987 buildings on 60 properties were demolished, followed by another 35 cleared in 1995-6. Before the 1995-6 demolitions took place, the National Trust of Austrlia (WA) completed a pictorial history of the remaining buildings with a grant from the Department of Trades and Commerce. Some of these photos are included in this place record form. The once thriving mining town is now virtually a ghost town but had not been entirely deserted. A few residents had stayed on at the town despite the large number of buildings that had been demolished and the reduction of community services. In 1999 there were approximately 30 people still residing in Wittenoom.

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Mt. Florence Homestead

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Statement of Significance

Mt Florence has aesthetic, historic and representative cultural heritage significnace. The Mt Florence homestead consists of a significant group of buildings set in an attrative garden setting. The buildings are typical of the North West homestead type in that living and sleeping areas are separated and each building relies on verandahs for circulation and space. If anything the mt Florence Homestead is more fragmented than most in the Pilbara. Built in the 1890's the homestead has an important place int he history of the development of pastoralism in the Ashburton region. The oldest block, built in the 1890's, was demolished owing to extensive white ant damage.

Physical Description

The Mount Florence Homestead consists of group of buildings arranged about a forecourt and set on different levels as they ascend the lower slope of the high hill to the south east. The homestead is comprised of: kitchen/dining block. This building consists of a large kitchen/dining room and a bedroom at one end. The building is timber framed vertically, corrugated iron lined externally and hardboard lined internally with level ceilings. The roof is vaulted and there is a lean-to verandah on the north-east side facing the forecourt; the living room block. This block, on a lower level and removed from the kitchen, is similar in construction but has a verandah to all sides. On one corner the verandah is enclosed. The verandah floor is mostly paved with large flag stones. The bedroom block section of the house was built in the 1890s but has been demolished due to white ants. The second section was built between 1890 and 1915. It had a timber floor commencing close to ground level on the uphill side and being supported on approximately 1200mm high stumps on the downhill side. The structure is timber framed and corrugated iron clad having a small central core under the main roof which is hipped to a pyramid shape and wide verandahs all round. The verandah on the uphill side has been enclosed. The outbuildings are corrugated iron clad, ablutions and store; large machine shed and garage workshop with a smaller vaulted roofed building with lean-to at the north-east end; grave. Approximately 1km to the east is the grave of a young visitor who was killed on the property in the 1920s.

History

Built in the 1890's.

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Statement of Significance

The Mt Florence homestead consists of a significant group of buildings set in an attractive garden setting. The buildings are typical of the Pilbara homestead type in that living and sleeping areas are separated and each building relies on verandahs for circulation space. In fact the Mt Florence homestead buildings are more fragmented than most in the Pilbara. The buildings are of typical construction: framed with corrugated iron cladding and vaulted roof.

Physical Description

The Mount Florence Homestead consists of a group of buildings arranged about a forecourt and set on different levels as they ascend the lower slope of the high hill to the south west. 1. Kitchen/dining block: this building consists of a large kitchen/dining room and a bedroom at one end. The building is timber framed vertically corrugated iron lined externally and hardboard line internally with level ceilings. The roof is vaulted and there is a lean-to verandah on the north side facing the forecourt. 2. Living room Block: this block on a lower level and removed from the kitchen is similar in construction but has a verandah to all sides. On the corner the verandah is enclosed. The verandah floor is mostly paved with large flag stones. 3. Bedroom block: this building is the earliest of the group and stands adjacent to the living room block. It has a timber floor commencing close to ground level on the uphill side and being supported on approx. 1200mm high stumps on the down hill side. The structure is timber framed and corrugated iron clad having a small central core under the main roof which is hipped to a pyramid shape and wide verandahs all round. The verandah on the uphill side has been enclosed. Built in the 1890. The building is affected by white ants and the owners are considering replacing it. 4. Corrugated iron clad building, ablutions and store 5. Large machine shed and garage workshop with a smaller vaulted roofed building with a lean-to at the north east end. 6. Grave: approx. 1km to the east is the grave of a young visitor who was killed on the property in the 1920s.

History

Assessment: 1982

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Hamersley Range National Park

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