Regan's Ford River Crossing

Parent Place or Precinct

05823 Regan's Ford - River Crossing and Tennis Court Site

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Army Site on Annamullah

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Badgingarra Pool

Uses

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Army Encampment - Site

Uses

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Statement of Significance

The sites of Army Camp have some local historic significance because they operated in the district during the Second World War.

Physical Description

1. Dandaragan townsite: Situated on the west side of Dandaragan Road, nothing remains of the Army Camp. 2. Annamullah (Rose Valley) Melb Loc 398 Lot 2 (no public access). All that remains of the site are the stone stove of the mess hut kitchen and some concrete foundations 3. Cantablling Road, Badgingarra, near Hill River Melb Loc 3740 (no public access). The site of the army encampment is located on the north bank of the Hill River and is marked by a single large tree. There is some evidence of a road built by soldiers. 4. Off the Moora – Badgingarra Road (Phoebe’s Reserve) Reserve No 15428 (public access allowed). Situated approximately 5kms east of Badgingarra and 500m north of the road, the site of the camp includes evidence of trenches. 5. Thirsty Point, Cervantes. All that remains of the World War II look out are some timbers and rusted iron.

History

The camps were in operation during the World War II when many troops were stationed throughout the Dandaragan District.

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Lang Lookout

Uses

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Statement of Significance

The Lang Lookout has considerable historic significance for its association with George Elliot Lang.

Physical Description

Situated near the top of Dinner Hill Lang Lookout consists of a viewing area marked by timber posts and a large memorial rock with a plaque attached. The site commands far reaching views of the surrounding farmland.

History

In the early 1950’s land around what became known as Badgingarra was opened up and developed for farming. One of the pioneer farmers, George Elliot Lang, was granted land in the vicinity of Dinner Hill five miles north of Badgingarra Pool on the Hill River. Lang was instrumental in the formation of the Badgingarra Progress Association as well as being responsible for the construction of roads in the area. He was also a keen nature lover. The Lang Memorial was opened in 1973 by John F. Morgan, the Surveyor General, in recognition of the impact George Lang had on the area.

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Twalla Pool

Uses

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Lang House

Condition

Good.

Uses

Historic Themes

Creation Date

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Statement of Significance

The Lang House has some historic significance for its association with George Elliot Lang.

Physical Description

The Lang House is a medium sized rectangular building of brick construction with a hipped tiled roof. The bricks are a salmon-pink colour. Windows are all timber framed and casement. A pergola is attached to the south elevation. Immediately to the south is a smaller building of similar construction, possibly used as a garage, storeroom and/or additional accommodation. Both buildings are surrounded by natural bush and white gums.

History

This house was built for George Elliot Lang, a pioneer farmer of the Badgingarra district.

Integrity/Authenticity

Integrity: High Degree

Condition

Good

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Mahomet's Cottage

Condition

Poor.

Uses

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Statement of Significance

Mahomet’s Cottage has considerable historic significance as an early shepherd’s cottage and for its association with the Afghan Mahomet. The cottage is evidence of the use of local materials in a simple construction.

Physical Description

This very small roughly coursed stone hut has a corrugated iron gable roof. The walls to the south-east have collapsed and have been partly replaced with CGI. Rough bush timbers have been used in the roof construction and also as a later addition to support the roof to the west elevation. There is a large chimney to the north elevation. The hut is fenced off to protect it from stock.

History

The land was taken up by T.E.C. Henry in 1887 and named Muteroo. The cottage was at one time the residence of the Afghan Ali Mahomet who once owned a general store in Moora and later went to live in Geraldton where he had a market garden.

Integrity/Authenticity

Integrity: High Degree Modifications: Wall partly replace with CGI sheeting.

Condition

Poor

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Badgingarra Homestead and Pool

Condition

Good.

Uses

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Statement of Significance

The Badgingarra Homestead has considerable historic significance as one of the first properties to be taken up in that area. Further the place illustrates the effective use of local materials and is somewhat unusual for the use of mud bricks.

Physical Description

The Badgingarra Homestead is a rectangular building of mud brick construction with a hipped corrugated iron roof. The roof extends to cover surrounding verandahs which are supported on thin metal posts and partly enclosed to the west and east with fibro sheeting to provide for additional living space. The building has four entry doors to the south elevation and timber framed double hung windows to the north elevation. A separate small stone building is located to the rear (north), which was the kitchen. It features a chimney to the east elevation. A partly filled in well is located immediately to the south of the Homestead.

History

The land was taken up by William MacNamara in 1895.

Integrity/Authenticity

Integrity: Medium Degree Modifications: Verandahs partly enclosed concreted verandahs with metal posts.

Condition

Good

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Old Badgingarra Townsite

Uses

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Statement of Significance

The Old Badgingarra Townsite has considerable historic significance as the original location of the townsite. The site is associated with the opening up and development of the sand plain country.

Physical Description

Situated to the east of the present townsite, the Old Badgingarra Townsite consists of one building, and sites of Dobbin’s shop, hall, railway shed and quarters and tennis courts. The former townsite is marked by many trees which were planted when it was originally established. The one surviving building, located to the east of the site, is a small iron clad building with a corrugated iron gable roof. Formerly the Burnett’s Store and Carrying Business, the building is now used as a residence. All that remains of the former shop, situated on the corner, are some concrete foundations and trees. On the other side of the road there are no remains of the railway shed, quarters or hall however physical evidence of the tennis courts includes bush timber posts of the surrounding fence and the flattened court surface which was made from crushed anthills.

History

In the early 1950s land around what became known as Badgingarra was opened up and developed for farming. As the population of the area increased there was a need for a small townsite to be established, and when in January 1955 the Badgingarra Progress Association was formed they made this one of their aims. In August 1955 a townsite situated on the Jurien Bay Road approximately 20 miles north of Dandaragan was approved. In November, 1968 the people of Badgingarra agreed to transfer the townsite to a suitable position, 4 miles to the west on the proposed Brand Highway which was under construction.

Condition

Remnants Only

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Army Encampment - Site

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Axedale

Condition

Good.

Uses

Historic Themes

Creation Date

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Statement of Significance

Axedale has some local historic significance for its association with the Whites, early pioneers of the area, and for the opening up and development of the sand plain country.

Physical Description

The original White House on the Axedale property is a large timber framed building clad with fibro sheeting with a corrugated iron hipped roof. The building forms a ‘U’ with a central entry verandah supported on timber posts and a verandah to the east elevation. The concrete tiled roof has recently been replaced with corrugated iron. There is a brick chimney to the west elevation. Immediately to the north is the original bush timber and corrugated iron humpy.

History

The property was first taken up in 1953 by James and Dorothy White who had arrived from Tamin, Victoria. It was one of the first farms to be released from the Midland Railway land in the Badgingarra area. Named ‘Axedale’ after a Victorian property, the Whites lived in a small humpy prior to building the house in 1957. The property was used as an experimental farm prior to the establishment of the Badgingarra Research Station. The first clover in the district was grown on Axedale, which was well known for its ground breaking farming techniques.

Integrity/Authenticity

Integrity: Medium Degree Modifications: Reroofed, garage added to west elevation, limestone wall enclosure.

Condition

Good

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Badgingarra Research Station

Condition

Good.

Uses

Historic Themes

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Statement of Significance

The Badgingarra Research Station has some local historic significance for its association with the development of the sand plain country and for the assistance it gave to settlers of that area.

Physical Description

The Badgingarra Research Station consists of a grouping of buildings including the office, machinery sheds, workshop, single men’s quarters and manager’s house. The single men’s quarters is made up of two buildings connected by a covered walkway which contains the ablution block. The main section is a long narrow timber framed building clad with fibro sheeting with a shallow pitched corrugated iron hipped roof. The building has a surrounding verandah and a carport to the rear. The second building is located immediately to the south and includes the kitchen and dining room. The Manager’s House is a timber framed fibro clad building with a corrugated iron gable roof with a separate gable to the front (north) elevation. The house features an entry porch and awnings over the windows.

History

he property was first taken up by Herbert Sudholz in November 1953. Later it was taken over by the Government for the establishment of a Research Station.

Integrity/Authenticity

Integrity: High Degree

Condition

Good

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Cattle Yards near Hill River

Condition

Poor.

Uses

Historic Themes

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Statement of Significance

The Hill River Cattle Yards have some historic significance for their association with the local pastoral industry. Further the site yard is representative of the method of droving cattle.

Physical Description

Only a few of the original timber posts are still evident of the cattle yards which cover two acres of land near a soak.

History

Contracted by the Dandaragan Roads Board these cattle yards were built by Alfred Burnett in 1946. Used as holding pens for droving cattle the yards were in use into the 1960s, mainly by the Gregson’s who drove cattle from Doust’s to Phoebe’s Reserve, then to Tophams, Dandaragan Road and on to Moora.

Integrity/Authenticity

Integrity: Low Degree

Condition

Poor- Remnants Only

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Caro Grave Sites

Uses

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Statement of Significance

The grave site has some local significance only as a lonely grave in the district.

Physical Description

Several jam tree posts mark the location of the grave site near the main house. The site has now been fenced by the current owner.

History

The graves are those of Mrs Sarah Bashford and her two children. The Bashford’s managed Caro at one time. The original Caro farmhouse was located in the same position as the current house. There is an aboriginal camping ground immediately to the north of the house. Pepper trees, mulberry trees and pine trees remain from the original farmhouse.

Condition

Remnants Only

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Cervantes Shipwreck

Uses

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Statement of Significance

Cervantes, Shipwreck has cultural heritage significance for the following reasons: * It is representative of 19th century whaling activity on the Western Australian coastline generally and of the American whaling industry in particular. * The town of Cervantes takes its name from Cervantes, Shipwreck: the area having been named by Joshua William Gregory in 1847. Although the Cervantes was only minimally damaged, the wreck’s distance from established settlements at Perth and Fremantle prohibited its feasible repair and refloating. In addition, members of the crew had to walk for several days to reach help in Fremantle and it is thought that one crew member did not survive the journey. This demonstrates the extent hardship and isolation in the region only 15 years after the settlement of the Swan River Colony. *Pinctada maxima pearl shell found in the wreck in 1988 may be early evidence of pearl shell being collected for sale at a profit. * The material remains of the Cervantes may provide information regarding the construction of 19th century whaling vessels and the activities of the whaling vessels and their crews. ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE IMPORTANCE TO THE COURSE, OR PATTERN OF OUR CULTURAL OR NATURAL HISTORY Cervantes, Shipwreck is representative of 19th century whaling off the Western Australia coastline. In particular it is representative of the dominant presence of American whaling ships. Although the Cervantes was only minimally damaged, the wreck’s distance from established settlements at Perth and Fremantle prohibited its feasible repair and refloating. In addition, members of the crew had to walk for several days to reach help in Fremantle and it is thought that one crew member did not survive the journey. At the time of the wreck, the population of Perth was less than 5000 with limited skilled tradesmen available to travel the distance to make the required repairs. This demonstrates the hardship and isolation of living, only 15 years after the settlement of the Swan River Colony. Pearl shell found in the wreck in 1988 from Pinctada maxima may be early evidence of pearl shell being collected for sale at a profit. The wrecking of the Cervantes predates the West Australian pearling industry. POSSESSION OF UNCOMMON, RARE OR ENDANGERED ASPECTS OF OUR CULTURAL OR NATURAL HISTORY Cervantes, Shipwreck is representative of 19th century whaling off the Western Australia coastline. In particular it is representative of the dominant presence of American whaling ships. POTENTIAL TO YIELD INFORMATION THAT WILL CONTRIBUTE TO AN UNDERSTANDING OF OUR CULTURAL OR NATURAL HISTORY The material remains of the Cervantes may provide information regarding the construction of 19th century whaling vessels and the activities of the whaling vessels and their crews. The identification of timbers used (Maple) and copper fastenings adds to the database of whaling construction. IMPORTANT IN DEMONSTRATING THE PRINCIPAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A CLASS OF CULTURAL OR NATURAL PLACES OR ENVIRONMENTS Cervantes, Shipwreck is representative of 19th century whaling off the Western Australia coastline. In particular it is representative of the dominant presence of American whaling ships. STRONG OR SPECIAL ASSOCIATION WITH A PARTICULAR COMMUNITY OR CULTURAL GROUP FOR SOCIAL, CULTURAL OR SPIRITUAL REASONS. THIS INCLUDES SIGNIFICANCE OF A PLACE TO INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AS PART OF THEIR CONTINUING AND DEVELOPMENT CULTURAL TRADITIONS. The area south of Jurien Bay was named Cervantes by Joshua William Gregory in 1847 after the wrecked ship and the town established there in the mid-20th century took on the name. At the time of the establishment of the town, the origin of the name was mistakenly thought to be in honour of Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes and street names within the town follow a Spanish theme. The town continues to celebrate the actual and mistaken name sources through public art in and around the town. IMPORTANCE IN EXHIBITING PARTICULAR AESTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS SPECIAL ASSOCIATION WITH THE LIFE OR WORKS OF A PERSON, OR GROUP OF PERSONS, OF IMPORTANCE IN OUR HISTORY. Cervantes, Shipwreck is associated with the 19th century whaling industry, and most particularly American whalers. IMPORTANCE IN DEMONSTRATING A HIGH DEGREE OF CREATIVE OR TECHNICAL ACHIEVEMENT AT A PARTICULAR PERIOD.

Physical Description

The Cervantes was built in Bath, Maine (USA) in 1836. It was described as a brig with one deck, two masts, a billet head and square stern, 91’ 9” (28m) long, 24’ 5.5” (7.5)m breadth, 11’ 8” (3.5m) depth and 231 tons. The shipwreck site is approximately 198 kilometres north of Perth. The shipwreck is located in shallow water (approximately 3m) on the sand sea floor on the eastern side of Cervantes Island. The timber was identified by the WA Museum as Maple (Acer species) which is well known for shipbuilding. The shipwreck is not visible from land but may sometimes be visible via aerial photography dependant on the movement of sand on the seabed. The Cervantes is celebrated around the town as the source of the town’s name. A sculpture at the entry to the town celebrates the shipwreck and Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes’ most well known characters, Don Quixote and Sancho Panza. Note that no evidence has been discovered that confirms that the Cervantes was named after Miguel de Cervantes. Signboards which collectively show an image of a ship are located on the Indian Ocean Drive northern and southern entries to the town. The Cervantes Historical Society recently opened its Cervantes project for 2021: a concrete outline of the Cervantes with posts representing the ship’s 3 masts.

History

Assessment 2021 Construction (Of Cervantes): 1836 Alterations/additions 1841, 1843Whaling was a global industry in the 19th century, fuelled by high demand for whale oil and bone. The industry was dominated by Americans with whalers operating out of ports along the New England coast which followed migrating whales into the southern oceans. The waters off Western Australia proved bountiful. The Cervantes was built in Bath, Maine (USA) in 1836 for Richard McManus and Fredric G Thurston. It was described as a brig with one deck, two masts, a billet head and square stern, 91’ 9” (28m) long, 24’ 5.5” (7.5)m breadth, 11’ 8” (3.5m) depth and 231 tons. Five years later the ship was sold to a group of owners (Benjamin Brown, Jonathan Coit, John W Brown, Amos Willets and Samuel Willets) who converted and fitted it out for whaling. The Cervantes sailed in 1841 under Capt Benjamin Brown (probably one of the owners) returning in 1843 with 300 casks of sperm oil, 700 casks of whale oil and 5000 pounds of whale bone. The Cervantes was again refitted and under new Captain Sylvanus Gibson, arrived off the coast of New Holland (Western Australia) in 1844. The loss of the Cervantes was reported in numerous publications around the country. In February 1845, the Colonial Times (Hobart) reported that ‘on 28th June, the Cervantes was about sixteen miles from land, when the weather became tempestuous. At daylight, being abreast of Jurien’s Bay, the captain made for it, and anchored inside, where he remained until the next day, when the breeze moderated a little. He then weighted anchor and was getting out of the pass, when the wind shifted and the ship struck on the rocks, where she soon became so engaged as to render of no avail any exertion to keep her up’. Other accounts report that the Cervantes was anchored in Jurien Bay for the purpose of fishing. The Captain and his crew began the trek south to Fremantle, leaving one exhausted man north of the Moore River. Six men returned to the wreck intending to make their way south by boat. Three men arrived in Fremantle on 8 July with the Captain and more men arriving the next day. Little is known of the fate of the crew although the Colonial Times of 18 February 1845 reports that ‘one man perished from fatigue and hunger; he remained half way and his body was afterwards found eaten by the wild dogs’. The ship was not significantly damaged but its location 100 miles north of Fremantle meant that repair would be difficult and so it was advertised for sale by auction. The Inquirer of 10 July 1844 advertised that ‘the wreck of the American barque Cervantes, coppered and copper-fastened, as she now lies in Jurien Bay, on a sand flat, about 90 miles to the Northward; with all her stores, whaling gear, cutting-in falls, whale boats, anchors, chain cables, a kedge anchor, spare plank, oars, and casks. She was fitted out about a year ago with every thing new for a voyage, and the gear is of the best description and quality, and has not as yet been used’. The Cervantes was sold at auction within weeks of wrecking ‘as she stood, with all her provisions, stores etc, excepting only the clothing, bedding and instruments of the officers and men’. It was purchased for £155 by a Mr Wicksteed who was considering the establishment of a whaling station nearby. The ship’s chronometer was sold separately for £28. In August 1844 it was reported that the new owners had ‘recovered cables, anchors, provisions and a boat, and are again about to proceed to the wreck to complete the work they have commenced of landing all the stores etc. It is supposed the purchaser will more than treble the amount of the sum paid at the auction’. The area to the south of Jurien Bay was named Cervantes in 1847 by Joshua William Gregory. Gregory was exploring the WA coastline in the schooner Thetis. On Christmas Eve 1969, fourteen year old Laurie Walsh discovered a shipwreck off the coast of Cervantes. He and his father Don, reported the discovery to the WA Museum. In February 1970, the WA Museum inspected the site and determined that it was the remains of the Cervantes. The Cervantes was vested in the WA Museum as a protected historic shipwreck site under the Museum Act 1969. It is now protected under the Commonwealths’ Historic Shipwreck Act 1976. The Maritime Archaeology Department of the WA Museum made further investigations of the site in 1988. These investigations discovered golden or silver-lipped pearl shell (Pinctada maxima) which is native to Western Australia but rarely seen further south than Port Hedland. McAllister notes that these are the oldest identifiable examples of these pearl shells and may suggest that the crew of the Cervantes had collected the shells ‘as trinkets’ or to sell for profit. The WA Museum again investigated the site in 2012 and prepared the Site Inspection Report and Management Plan – Cervantes (1836-1844) Jurien Bay Area, Western Australia (Report No 121, 2013) (Madeline McAllister). The report includes the following statement of significance of the site: Historical Cervantes represents a pelagic whaler from the height of whaling in the 19th century, in particular the presence of American whalers along the Western Australian coastline. Furthermore, the account of Cervantes wrecking was repeated in numerous newspapers and the long walk survivors undertook to reach help represents a true struggle. Cultural The small town of Cervantes in the Midwest of Western Australia was named after the shipwreck, although not purposefully. Cervantes was mistaken to be linked to the Spanish author Miguel Cervantes. Hence, the streets are named in a Spanish theme. Despite this, locals are well aware of the shipwreck and proud of their maritime heritage. The shipwreck is significant in terms of close cultural links. Scientific The shipwreck is significant in terms of the oldest known examples of pearl shells possibly carried as cargo. As the shipwreck pre-dates any pearling industry in Western Australia, this could be seen as the first interest in profiting from pearl shells. Timber identification and analysis of copper fastenings will add to a database of whaling construction. Archaeological Material remains of the shipwreck (20m section of one whole side including the keel) will provide valuable archaeological information on the shipwreck itself and the condition of the site overall.

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First Jetty

Condition

Good.

Uses

Historic Themes

Creation Date

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Statement of Significance

The Jetty has some local significance given that it is the original jetty in Cervantes and given its role in the local fishing industry.

Physical Description

The First Jetty is a timber structure which is located between the two other jetties built at a later date. The jetty has a dog leg to the shore which was a later addition to ensure access to the required lot.

Integrity/Authenticity

Integrity: High Degree

Condition

Good

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Statement of Significance

First Jetty, Cervantes (fmr) has cultural heritage significance for the following reasons: It was the first of a series of jetties constructed from 1964 to service the crayfishing industry in Cervantes; It demonstrates the importance of jetties to WA maritime history; and It is associated with the crayfishing industry and crayfishermen of Cervantes. Importance in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Western Australia’s history: First Jetty, Cervantes (fmr) demonstrates the move from boat-based crayfishing processing to a more shore-based activity and the expansion of Cervantes from a shack settlement to a gazetted townsite. The series of jetties of which it was the first, demonstrates the expansion of the crayfishing industry and the later construction of the remaining jetty and the marina at nearby Jurien, demonstrates the changing methods within the crayfishing industry. Importance in demonstrating rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Western Australia’s heritage: Potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of Western Australia’s history: Its importance in demonstrating the characteristics of a broader class of places: Any strong or special meaning it may have for any group or community because of social, cultural or spiritual associations; First Jetty, Cervantes (fmr) has some significance to Cervantes, and broader Shire of Dandaragan communities as evidenced by the jetty’s inclusion on the Shire’s Municipal Inventory of Heritage Places which was reviewed in 2004 and its inclusion in public art works in the town. Its importance in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics valued by any group or community; Any special association it may have with the life or work of a person, group or organisation of importance in Western Australia’s history: First Jetty, Cervantes (fmr) is associated with the crayfishing industry which commenced in the area a decade prior to the town’s establishment. Its importance in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement:

Physical Description

The site of First Jetty, Cervantes (fmr) is located on the coast between Tagus and Madrid Streets, Cervantes. The Landgate image at Figure 4 below shows the location of the current jetty near Biscay Street and the former jetty to the south. The aerial image at Figure 3 shows First Jetty, Cervantes (fmr) in 2002 between two later constructed jetties. The location of the current jetty is visible at the limestone groin to the north. The jetty was constructed from timber with a stone rubble abutment on the shoreline. A ‘dog leg’ was later added to the land end of the jetty to provide access to the correct lot. This implies that it was originally on a different alignment. Only the stone rubble abutment remains.

History

Assessment: 2021 Construction: 1964 The rock lobster fishing industry in the Shire of Dandaragan developed during the 1950s around Jurien Bay, Cervantes and Frenchman’s Bay. Boat shed and living quarters began to appear on the beach at Jurien Bay. In March 1951 it was reported that ‘at Cervantes Island, thirteen catching units and fifty-five fishermen are operating. The catch of crayfish is processed by four freezer boars anchored in the bay behind the island. The frozen tails are transported by freezer boat to the cold storage chambers at Robbs Jetty’. In 1955 a townsite on the Jurien Bay Road was approved and the townsite of Jurien Bay gazetted in December 1956. The first land auction at Jurien Bay was held the next year. The town’s name was changed from Jurien Bay to Jurien in about 1959. During the 1960s the townsite of Jurien became more established while a small settlement at Cervantes developed and in 1962, 505ha was excised from the Nambung National Park to establish at townsite at Cervantes. The town is named for the American whaling ship ‘Cervantes’ which was wrecked off Thirsty Point in 1844. The ship was itself named after the Spanish writer Miguel de Cervantes. The townsite was gazetted in 1963. The timber jetty was constructed in 1962. The ‘dog leg’ at the land end was constructed at a later date to provide access to the correct lot. Landgate aerial photography shows that in 2002 there were three jetties, with First Jetty, Cervantes (fmr) being the centre jetty. In 2004, the new jetty to the north is visible. In February the 3 smaller jetties are all still extant but by 22 July 2006, only First Jetty, Cervantes is shown and is still visible in 2012. By December 2014, the deck of First Jetty, Cervantes (fmr) has been removed but the piles and braces are still visible. This has been removed by October 2015. The jetty has been commemorated in public art in the town as shown in Figure 1 below.

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Lake Thetis and Stromatolites

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Processing Factory - Site

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Statement of Significance

The Site of the Processing Factory has local significance only for its role in the local fishing industry.

Physical Description

Situated on the coast, the site of the Processing Factory originally consisted of two containers. The ‘shop’ site was situated immediately to the north

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The Pinnacles

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